Phyllostachys

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Bambusoideae
Tribus: Arundinarieae
Subtribus: Arundinariinae
Genus: Phyllostachys
Species: P. acuta – P. acutiligula – P. albidula – P. angusta – P. arcana – P. atrovaginata – P. aurea – P. aureosulcata – P. bissetii – P. carnea – P. circumpilis – P. compar – P. corrugata – P. dulcis – P. edulis – P. elegans – P. fimbriligula – P. flexuosa – P. funhuaensis – P. glabrata – P. glauca – P. heteroclada – P. hirtivagina – P. incarnata – P. iridescens – P. kwangsiensis – P. lofushanensis – P. longiciliata – P. makinoi – P. mannii – P. meyeri – P. microphylla – P. nidularia – P. nigella – P. nigra – P. nuda – P. parvifolia – P. platyglossa – P. primotina – P. prominens – P. propinqua – P. purpureociliata – P. reticulata – P. rivalis – P. robustiramea – P. rubicunda – P. rubromarginata – P. rutila – P. shuchengensis – P. stimulosa – P. sulphurea – P. tianmuensis – P. varioauriculata – P. veitchiana – P. verrucosa – P. violascens – P. virella – P. viridiglaucescens – P. vivax – P. yunhoensis – P. zhejiangensis

Names in synonymy: P. bambusoides – P. humilis – P. nana – P. praecox – P. purpurata
Name

Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 745, pl. 5, f. 3. 1843, nom. cons.

Type species: Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 745. 1843 (= Phyllostachys reticulata (Rupr.) K.Koch, Dendrologie 2: 356. 1873.)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Sinoarundinaria Ohwi in K.Mayebara, Fl. Austro-Higo.: 86. 1931.

References
Primary references

Siebold, P.F.v. & Zuccarini, J.G. 1843. Plantarum, quas in Japonia collegit Dr. Ph. Fr. de Siebold genera nova, notis characteristicis delineationibusque illustrata proponent Dr. Ph. Fr. de Siebold et Dr. J. G. Zuccarini. Fasciculus primus. Abhandlungen der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der königlich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): 717–749, pls. I–V. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Wang, Z.P. & Stapleton, C.M.A. 2006. Phyllostachys. Pp. 163–180 in Wu, Zh.Y. , Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.), Flora of China. Volume 22: Poaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, ISBN 1-930723-50-4. efloras PDF Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Phyllostachys in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jan 13. Reference page.
Simon, B.K., Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T., Vorontsova, M., Brake, I., Healy, D. & Alfonso, Y. 2013. GrassWorld, Phyllostachys. Published online. Accessed: 2013 Nov. 24.
Tropicos.org 2013. Phyllostachys. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 24 Nov. 2013.
International Plant Names Index. 2013. Phyllostachys. Published online. Accessed: 24 Nov. 2013.

Vernacular names
suomi: Jättibambut

Phyllostachys (/ˌfɪloʊˈstækɪs, -lə-, -ˈsteɪ-/[2][3]) is a genus of Asian bamboo in the grass family.[4][5][6] Many of the species are found in central and southern China, with a few species in northern Indochina and in the Himalayas. Some of the species have become naturalized in parts of Asia, Australia, the Americas, and southern Europe.[7]

The stem or culm has a prominent groove, called a sulcus, that runs along the length of each segment (or internode). Because of this, it is one of the most easily identifiable genera of bamboo. Most of the species spread aggressively by underground rhizomes.[7] Being pioneer plants, phyllostachys species will not spread quickly or achieve mature height without access to direct sunlight throughout most of the day.

Some species of Phyllostachys grow to 100 ft (30 m) tall in optimum conditions. Some of the larger species, sometimes known as "timber bamboo", are used as construction timber and for making furniture.[7] Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, though they can become invasive and troublesome in gardens, unless artificially restricted or grown in containers.[8]

The name Phyllostachys means "leaf spike" and refers to the inflorescences.[9]

Taxonomy

Species[10]

Phyllostachys acuta
Phyllostachys angusta
Phyllostachys arcana
Phyllostachys atrovaginata
Phyllostachys aurea
Phyllostachys aureosulcata
Phyllostachys bambusoides
Phyllostachys bissetii
Phyllostachys carnea
Phyllostachys circumpilis
Phyllostachys dulcis
Phyllostachys edulis
Phyllostachys elegans
Phyllostachys fimbriligula
Phyllostachys flexuosa
Phyllostachys glabrata
Phyllostachys glauca
Phyllostachys guizhouensis
Phyllostachys heteroclada
Phyllostachys incarnata
Phyllostachys iridescens
Phyllostachys kwangsiensis
Phyllostachys lofushanensis
Phyllostachys mannii
Phyllostachys meyeri
Phyllostachys nidularia
Phyllostachys nigella
Phyllostachys nigra
Phyllostachys nuda
Phyllostachys parvifolia
Phyllostachys platyglossa
Phyllostachys prominens
Phyllostachys propinqua
Phyllostachys rivalis
Phyllostachys robustiramea
Phyllostachys rubicunda
Phyllostachys rubromarginata
Phyllostachys rutila
Phyllostachys shuchengensis
Phyllostachys stimulosa
Phyllostachys sulphurea
Phyllostachys tianmuensis
Phyllostachys varioauriculata
Phyllostachys veitchiana
Phyllostachys verrucosa
Phyllostachys violascens
Phyllostachys virella
Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens
Phyllostachys vivax

Formerly included[1]

species now considered better suited to other genera: Bambusa Chimonobambusa Pseudosasa Semiarundinaria Shibataea

Phyllostachys fastuosa – Semiarundinaria fastuosa
Phyllostachys kumasasa – Shibataea kumasasa
Phyllostachys marmorea – Chimonobambusa marmorea
Phyllostachys maudiae – Pseudosasa hindsii
Phyllostachys mitis – Bambusa vulgaris
Phyllostachys quadrangularis – Chimonobambusa quadrangularis
Phyllostachys ruscifolia – Shibataea kumasasa

Ecology

Fungi and pathogens growing specifically on Phyllostachys have phyllostachydis or phyllostachydicola species epithets.
Regulations

Connecticut property owners are liable for the cost of removing Phyllostachys bamboo that grows onto neighboring property, any resulting damages, and fines of $100 per day for growing this bamboo within 40 ft of any adjoining property or public way. [11]

New York has regulations listing P. aurea and P. aureosulcata as prohibited invasive species. [12] [13]
References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
"Pronunciation Guide for Plants". Retrieved 2016-01-22.
"Pronunciation of phyllostachys". Retrieved 2016-01-22.
Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): 745–749 descriptions in Latin, commentary in German
Siebold, Philipp Franz Balthasar von, & Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. 1843. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 3(3): plate V (5), figure III (3) at lower right line drawings of Phyllostachys bambusoides
Tropicos, Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc.
Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 163 刚竹属 gang zhu shu Phyllostachys Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 745. 1843.
Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 810. ISBN 9781405332965.
Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names. USA: Timber Press. pp. 312. ISBN 978-1-60469-196-2.
The Plant List search for Phyllostachys
"Connecticut General Statutes Title 22a Chapter 446i Section 22a-381e". Retrieved 2017-03-06.
"Lands and Forests Emergency, Proposed & Recently Adopted Regulations". Retrieved 2014-05-06.

"Proposed Regulations : 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species Express Terms". Retrieved 2014-05-06.

Zheng-ping Wang & Chris Stapleton Flora of China, Volume 22: Poaceae., Science Press u. a., Beijing u. a. 20