Phacelia

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Boraginales

Familia: Boraginaceae
Subfamilia: Hydrophylloideae
Genus: Phacelia
Species:
a

P. adenophora – P. affinis – P. alba – P. altotonga – P. amabilis – P. anelsonii – P. argentea – P. argillacea – P. argylensis – P. arizonica – P. artemisioides – P. austromontana – P. austrotexana
b

P. bakeri – P. barnebyana – P. beatleyae – P. bicolor – P. bipinnatifida – P. bolanderi – P. bombycina – P. brachyantha – P. brachyloba – P. breweri – P. buell-vivariensis
c

P. caerulea – P. californica – P. calthifolia – P. campanularia – P. capitata – P. carmenensis – P. cedrosensis – P. cephalotes – P. cicutaria – P. ciliata – P. cliffordii – P. cloudcroftensis – P. congdonii – P. congesta – P. constancei – P. cookei – P. corrugata – P. corymbosa – P. cottamii – P. coulteri – P. covillei – P. crenulata – P. cronquistiana – P. cryptantha – P. cumingii – P. curvipes
d

P. dalesiana – P. davidsonii – P. demissa – P. denticulata – P. deserta – P. distans – P. divaricata – P. douglasii – P. dubia
e

P. egena – P. eisenii – P. exilis
f

P. filiae – P. filiformis – P. fimbriata – P. floribunda – P. formosula – P. franklinii – P. fremontii – P. furnissii
g

P. gentryi – P. geraniifolia – P. gilioides – P. gina-glenneae – P. glaberrima – P. glabra – P. glandulifera – P. glandulosa – P. glechomifolia – P. grandiflora – P. greenei – P. grisea – P. gymnoclada – P. gypsogenia
h

P. hastata – P. heterophylla – P. higginsii – P. hintoniorum – P. hirsuta – P. hirtuosa – P. howelliana – P. hubbyi – P. hughesii – P. humilis – P. hydrophylloides –
i

P. idahoensis – P. imbricata – P. incana – P. inconspicua – P. indecora – P. infundibuliformis – P. insularis – P. integrifolia – P. inundata – P. inyoensis – P. ivesiana – P. ixodes
l

P. laxa – P. laxiflora – P. leibergii – P. lemmonii – P. lenta – P. leonis – P. leptosepala – P. linearis – P. longipes – P. lutea – P. lyallii – P. lyonii
m

P. maculata – P. malvifolia – P. mammillarensis – P. marcescens – P. marshall-johnstonii – P. minor – P. minutiflora – P. minutissima – P. mohavensis – P. mollis – P. monoensis – P. mustelina – P. mutabilis
n

P. namatostyla – P. nana – P. nashiana – P. neffii – P. neglecta – P. nemoralis – P. neomexicana – P. novenmillensis
o

P. orbicularis – P. orogenes
p

P. pachyphylla – P. pallida – P. palmeri – P. parishii – P. parryi – P. patuliflora – P. pauciflora – P. peckii – P. pedicellata – P. peirsoniana – P. perityloides – P. petrosa – P. phacelioides – P. phyllomanica – P. pinkavae – P. pinnatifida – P. platycarpa – P. platyloba – P. popei – P. potosina – P. pringlei – P. procera – P. pulchella – P. pulcherrima – P. purpusii – P. purshii
q

P. quickii
r

P. racemosa – P. rafaelensis – P. ramosissima – P. ranunculacea – P. rattanii – P. robusta – P. rotundifolia – P. rupestris
s

P. sabulonum – P. salina – P. sanzinii – P. saxicola – P. scariosa – P. scopulina – P. secunda – P. sericea – P. serrata – P. setigera – P. sinuata – P. sivinskii – P. sonoitensis – P. splendens – P. stebbinsii – P. stellaris – P. strictiflora – P. suaveolens – P. suffrutescens
t

P. tanacetifolia – P. tetramera – P. thermalis
u

P. utahensis
v

P. vallicola – P. vallis-mortae – P. verna – P. viscida – P. vossii
w

P. welshii
z

P. zaragozana
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Phacelia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Oct 18. Reference page.

Name

Phacelia Juss., Gen. Pl.: 129 (1789).

Type species: Phacelia secunda J.F.Gmel.

Synonyms

Aldea Ruiz & Pav.
Cosmanthus Nolte ex A.DC.
Endiplus Raf.
Eutoca R.Br.
Heteryta Raf.
Howellanthus (Constance) Walden & R.Patt.
Microgenetes A.DC.
Miltitzia A.DC.
Whitlavia Harv.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Southern America and Northern America
Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Bolivia, British Columbia, California, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Colorado, Georgia, Guatemala, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Mexican Pacific Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Peru, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming, Yukon
Introduced into:
Algeria, Altay, Amur, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Canary Is., Central European Russia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, France, Free State, Great Britain, Hungary, Irkutsk, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Krasnoyarsk, Morocco, Netherlands, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, South European Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Siberia, Yugoslavia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Jussieu, A.L. de 1789. Genera plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam. 498 pp. Paris: Herissant et Theophile Barrois. BHL Reference page. : 129

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Phacelia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Oct 18. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Phacelia. Published online. Accessed: Oct 18 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Phacelia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 18 Oct 2020.
Catalogue of Life: 2021 Annual Checklist

Vernacular names
dansk: Honningurt
English: Scorpionweed
suomi: Hunajakukat
français: Phacélie
Türkçe: Fazelya
українська: Фацелія

Phacelia (phacelia, scorpionweed, heliotrope) is a genus of about 200 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the borage family, native to North and South America. California is particularly rich in species with over 90 recorded in the region. [1]

The genus is traditionally placed at family rank with the waterleafs (Hydrophyllaceae) in the order Boraginales. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, recognizing that the traditional Boraginaceae and Hydrophyllaceae are paraphyletic with respect to each other, merges the latter into the former and considers the family basal in the Euasterids I clade. Other botanists[2] continue to recognize the Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginales after analysing the secondary structure of the ITS1 genetic region rather than its sequence for these higher taxonomic levels. This placed Phacelia within the Hydrophyllaceae.[2] Further molecular taxonomic analysis of the Boraginales has divided the Boraginales in two and placed Phacelia among the monophyletic herbaceous Hydrophyllaceae in Boraginales II.[3]

The genus includes both annual and perennial species.[1] Many have been cultivated as garden and honey plants.

There are reports that glandular hairs of stems, flowers and leaves of some species of Phacelia secrete oil droplets that can cause an unpleasant skin rash (contact dermatitis) in some people, specifically from P. brachyloba,[4] P. campanularia,[5] P. crenulata,[4][6] P. gina-glenneae,[7] P. grandiflora,[4] P. ixodes,[5] P. minor,[8] and P. pedicellata.[4][5] The major contact allergen of P. crenulata has been identified as geranylhydroquinone and of P. minor as geranylgeranylhydroquinone.[8]

The mining bee Andrena phaceliae is a specialist pollinator of this genus in the Eastern United States

Selected species
Main article: List of Phacelia species

Phacelia adenophora
Glandular Yellow Phacelia
Phacelia affinis
Limestone Phacelia
Phacelia anelsonii
Aven Nelson's Phacelia
Phacelia argentea
Sand Dune Phacelia
Phacelia argillacea
Attwood's Phacelia, Clay Phacelia (endangered)
Phacelia austromontana
Southern Sierra Phacelia
Phacelia bicolor
Trumpet Phacelia
Phacelia bolanderi
Bolander's Phacelia
Phacelia brachyloba
Shortlobe Phacelia
Phacelia breweri
Brewer's Phacelia
Phacelia californica
California Phacelia
Phacelia calthifolia
Caltha-leaved Phacelia
Phacelia campanularia
California Bluebell, Desertbells
Phacelia cicutaria
Caterpillar Phacelia
Phacelia ciliata
Great Valley Phacelia
Phacelia coerulea
Skyblue Phacelia
Phacelia congdonii
Congdon's Phacelia
Phacelia cookei
Cooke's Phacelia
Phacelia corymbosa
Serpentine Phacelia
Phacelia covillei
Coville's Phacelia, Buttercup Scorpionweed
Phacelia crenulata
Notch-leaved Phacelia, Cleftleaf Wild Heliotrope
Phacelia cryptantha
Hiddenflower Phacelia
Phacelia curvipes
Washoe Phacelia
Phacelia dalesiana
Scott Mountain Phacelia
Phacelia davidsonii
Davidson's Phacelia
Phacelia distans
Distant Phacelia
Phacelia divaricata
Divaricate Phacelia
Phacelia douglasii
Douglas' Phacelia
Phacelia egena
Kaweah River Phacelia
Phacelia eisenii
Eisen's Phacelia
Phacelia exilis
Transverse Range Phacelia, Lavender Windows
Phacelia fimbriata
Fringed Phacelia
Phacelia floribunda
San Clemente Island Phacelia, Southern Island Phacelia
Phacelia formosula
North Park Phacelia (endangered)
Phacelia fremontii
Frémont's Phacelia
Phacelia grandiflora
Largeflower Phacelia
Phacelia greenei
Scott Valley Phacelia
Phacelia grisea
Santa Lucia Phacelia
Phacelia gymnoclada
Nakedstem Phacelia
Phacelia hastata
Silverleaf Phacelia
Phacelia humilis
Low Phacelia
Phacelia hydrophylloides
Waterleaf Phacelia
Phacelia imbricata
Imbricate Phacelia
Phacelia insularis
Coast Phacelia

Phacelia inundata
Playa Phacelia
Phacelia inyoensis
Inyo Phacelia
Phacelia ivesiana
Ives' Phacelia
Phacelia lemmonii
Lemmon's Phacelia
Phacelia leonis
Siskiyou Phacelia
Phacelia linearis
Threadleaf Phacelia
Phacelia longipes
Longstalk Phacelia
Phacelia malvifolia
Stinging Phacelia
Phacelia marcescens
Persistentflower Phacelia
Phacelia minor
Whitlavia, Wild Canterbury Bells
Phacelia mohavensis
Mojave Phacelia
Phacelia monoensis
Mono Phacelia
Phacelia mustelina
Weasel Phacelia, Death Valley Round-leaved Phacelia
Phacelia mutabilis
Changeable Phacelia
Phacelia nashiana
Charlotte's Phacelia
Phacelia neglecta
Alkali Phacelia
Phacelia nemoralis
Shade Phacelia
Phacelia orogenes
Mountain Phacelia
Phacelia pachyphylla
Blacktack Phacelia
Phacelia parishii
Parish's Phacelia
Phacelia parryi
Parry's Phacelia
Phacelia pedicellata
Pedicellate Phacelia
Phacelia perityloides
Panamint Phacelia
Phacelia phacelioides
Mt. Diablo Phacelia
Phacelia platyloba
Broadlobe Phacelia
Phacelia pringlei
Pringle's Phacelia
Phacelia procera
Tall Phacelia
Phacelia purpusii
Purpus' Phacelia
Phacelia purshii
Miami Mist
Phacelia quickii
Quick's Phacelia
Phacelia racemosa
Racemose Phacelia
Phacelia ramosissima
Branching Phacelia
Phacelia rattanii
Rattan's Phacelia
Phacelia rotundifolia
Roundleaf Phacelia
Phacelia saxicola
Stonecrop Phacelia
Phacelia sericea
Silky Phacelia
Phacelia stebbinsii
Stebbins' Phacelia
Phacelia stellaris
Star Phacelia, Brand's Phacelia
Phacelia tanacetifolia
Lacy Phacelia
Phacelia thermalis
Heated Phacelia
Phacelia vallicola
Mariposa Phacelia
Phacelia vallis-mortae
Death Valley Phacelia
Phacelia viscida
Tacky Phacelia