Paullinia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Sapindales

Familia: Sapindaceae
Subfamilia: Sapindoideae
Tribus: Paullinieae
Genus: Paullinia
Species: P. acuminata – P. acutangula – P. alata – P. allenii – P. alsmithii – P. anisoptera – P. anodonta – P. anomophylla – P. apoda – P. arenicola – P. aspera – P. austin-smithii – P. baileyi – P. barbadensis – P. bernhardii – P. bicorniculata – P. bidentata – P. bilobulata – P. bipinnata – P. boliviana – P. bracteosa – P. brenesii – P. brentberlinii – P. bristanii – P. buricana – P. caloptera – P. cambessedesii – P. capitata – P. capreolata – P. carpopodea – P. carrenoi – P. castaneifolia – P. cauliflora – P. cearensis – P. chocoensis – P. cidii – P. cirrhipes – P. clathrata – P. clavigera – P. clematidifolia – P. conduplicata – P. connaracea – P. coriacea – P. correae – P. costaricensis – P. costata – P. cristata – P. cuneata – P. cupana – P. cururu – P. curvicuspis – P. dasygonia – P. dasyphylla – P. dasystachya – P. decorticans – P. degranvillei – P. densiflora – P. echinata – P. elegans – P. elliptica – P. elongata – P. emetica – P. enneaphylla – P. eriocarpa – P. exalata – P. excisa – P. ferruginea – P. fibulata – P. filicifolia – P. fimbriata – P. firma – P. fissistipula – P. fistulosa – P. fournieri – P. fraxinifolia – P. fruticosa – P. funicularis – P. fuscescens – P. fusiformis – P. gigantea – P. globosa – P. glomerulosa – P. granatensis – P. grandifolia – P. guaviarensis – P. hemiptera – P. hispida – P. hitchcockii – P. hondurensis – P. hymenobracteata – P. hystrix – P. imberbis – P. ingifolia – P. integra – P. interrupta – P. isoptera – P. jamaicensis – P. josecuatrii – P. kallunkii – P. killipii – P. laeta – P. largifolia – P. latifolia – P. leiocarpa – P. linearis – P. lingulata – P. livescens – P. macrophylla – P. mallophylla – P. manarae – P. marginata – P. mariae – P. martinellii – P. martinensis – P. mazanensis – P. medullosa – P. meliifolia – P. micrantha – P. microneura – P. mollicoma – P. morii – P. navicularis – P. nitida – P. nobilis – P. novemalata – P. nuriensis – P. obovata – P. oldemanii – P. olivacea – P. pachycarpa – P. panamensis – P. parvibractea – P. paullinioides – P. pinnata – P. plagioptera – P. platymisca – P. plumieri – P. prevostiana – P. pseudota – P. pterocarpa – P. pterophylla – P. quitensis – P. reticulata – P. revoluta – P. rhomboidea – P. riodocensis – P. rubiginosa – P. rufescens – P. rugosa – P. scaberula – P. scabra – P. selenoptera – P. seminuda – P. serjaniifolia – P. setosa – P. simulans – P. sphaerocarpa – P. spicata – P. spicithyrsa – P. splendida – P. sprucei – P. stellata – P. stenopetala – P. sternii – P. stipitata – P. stipularis – P. subauriculata – P. subnuda – P. talamancensis – P. tarapotensis – P. tenera – P. tenuifolia – P. ternata – P. tetragona – P. tomentosa – P. tricornis – P. trifoliolata – P. trigonia – P. trilatera – P. triptera – P. tumbesensis – P. turbacensis – P. uchocacha – P. uloptera – P. unifoliolata – P. venezuelana – P. venosa – P. verrucosa – P. vespertilio – P. weinmanniifolia – P. wurdackii – P. xestophylla – P. yoco
Name

Paullinia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 365. (1753)

Type species: Paullinia pinnata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 366. (1753)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Castanella Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.
Corindum Adans.
Cururu Mill.
Enourea Aubl.
Geeria Neck.
Koernickea Klotzsch
Semarillaria Ruiz & Pav.
Tondin Schill.

References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 365.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Paullinia in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Apr. 5. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. 5. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 2021.
Paullinia – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Tropicos.org 2021. Paullinia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Apr. 5.

Vernacular names
suomi: Guaranat

Paullinia is a genus of flowering shrubs, small trees and lianas in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, native to tropical South America, Central America and the Caribbean.

The genus is named after the German medical botanist Christian Franz Paullini, who discovered the genus in the Caribbean in the 18th century.

Selected species

Paullinia alata
Paullinia cupana Kunth - Guaraná (Amazon Basin)
Paullinia cururu
Paullinia fuscescens
Paullinia navicularis Radlk. (Ecuador)
Paullinia paullinioides
Paullinia pinnata
Paullinia plumieri
Paullinia weinmannifolia
Paullinia yoco - Yoco

Uses

Several uses are recorded. The fruit of several species are edible, with P. cupana (Guaraná) being the most popular. Other species, notably P. yoco (Yoco), are used as herbal medicine for various treatments. The sap of some species, notably P. cururu is highly toxic, and is used as an arrow poison by Native American tribes in South America. Similarly, the long flexible stems of Paullinia pinnata are used to poison fish in shallow pools, as described by the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates in his book The Naturalist on the River Amazons.[2]
References

"Paullinia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-03-29. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
Bates, H. W. (1864). The naturalist on the River Amazons, a record of adventures, habits of animals, sketches of Brazilian and Indian life and aspects of nature under the Equator during eleven years of travel. London: J. Murray. Second edition. (Reprinted in paperback facsimile, Elibron Classics, 2005.) Page 242.