Ochna

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Ochnaceae
Subfamilia: Ochnoideae
Tribus: Ochneae
Subtribus: Ochninae
Genus: Ochna
Sectiones: O. sect. Ochna – O. sect. Renicarpus – O. sect. Schizanthera
Name

Ochna L., Sp. Pl. 1: 513. 1753. – Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 229. 1754.

Type species: Ochna jabotapita L., Sp. Pl. 1: 513. 1753.

Synonymy

Homotypic
Jabotapita Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 364. 1763.
Discladium Tiegh., J. Bot. (Morot) 16(4): 118, 125. (Apr) 1902. – Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8(3): 214. (Apr) 1902, nom. illeg. superfl.

Heterotypic
Diporidium H.L.Wendl. in Bartl. & H.L.Wendl., Beitr. Bot. 2: 24. 1825.
Type species: Diporidium atropurpureum (DC.) H.L.Wendl. in Bartl. & H.L.Wendl., Beitr. Bot. 2: 24. 1825. – Lectotype designated by Van Tieghem (1902), p. 214.
Ochnella Tiegh., J. Bot. (Morot) 16(4): 118, 121. (Apr) 1902. – Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8(3): 214. (Apr) 1902.
Type species: Ochnella leptoclada (Oliv.) Tiegh., J. Bot. (Morot) 16(4): 122. 1902. – Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8(3): 214. 1902.
Polythecium Tiegh., J. Bot. (Morot) 16(6): (181–)182. (Jun) 1902. – Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8(5): 377(–378). (Jun) 1902, nom. illeg. hom. – non Polythecium Bonord., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19: 203. 1861.
Pleopetalum Tiegh., J. Bot. (Morot) 17(3): (97–)98. (Mar) 1903. – Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 9(3): 163(–164). (Apr) 1903.
Polythecanthum Tiegh., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 9, 5(1–3): (160–)161. 1907.
Type species: Polythecanthum thorelii (Tiegh.) Tiegh., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 9, 5(1–3): 175. 1907. – Lectotype, vide Kanis (1968), p. 23.

Overview of species
Accepted species

O. afzelii – O. afzelioides – O. andravinensis – O. angustata – O. apetala – O. arborea – O. atropurpurea – O. barbosae – O. baronii – O. beirensis – O. bracteosa – O. braunii – O. ciliata – O. cinnabarina – O. citrina – O. comorensis – O. confusa – O. cyanophylla – O. dolicharthros – O. emarginata – O. gamblei – O. gambleoides – O. gamostigmata – O. glauca – O. hackarsii – O. hiernii – O. holstii – O. holtzii – O. humblotiana – O. inermis – O. insculpta – O. integerrima – O. jabotapita – O. katangensis – O. kibbiensis – O. kirkii – O. lanceolata – O. latisepala – O. leptoclada – O. leucophloeos – O. louvelii – O. macrantha – O. macrocalyx – O. madagascariensis – O. manikensis – O. mauritiana – O. membranacea – O. micrantha – O. monantha – O. multiflora – O. natalitia – O. obtusata – O. ovata – O. oxyphylla – O. pervilleana – O. polyarthra – O. polycarpa – O. polyneura – O. pretoriensis – O. pseudoprocera – O. puberula – O. pulchra – O. pumila – O. pygmaea – O. rhizomatosa – O. richardsiae – O. rovumensis – O. sambiranensis – O. schliebenii – O. schweinfurthiana – O. serrulata – O. staudtii – O. stolzii – O. thomasiana – O. thouvenotii
Source(s) of checklist:
Names in synonymy

Diporidium acutifolium – D. afzelii – D. andravinense – D. arboreum – D. ardisiodes – D. atropurpureum – D. baillonii – D. baronii – D. bernieri – D. boivinianum – D. brachypodum – D. brevipes – D. cambodianum – D. ciliatum – D. cinnabarinum – D. comorense – D. cordatum – D. decaisnei – D. delagoense – D. emarginatum – D. fascicularis – D. greveanum – D. hoepfneri – D. holstii – D. humblotianum – D. inerme – D. kirkii – D. latifolium – D. leptocladum – D. leucophloeos – D. louvelii – D. macranthum – D. macrocalyx – D. madagascariense – D. mauritianum – D. mechowianum – D. membranaceum – D. micropetalum – D. mossambicense – D. multiflorum – D. natalitium – D. obovatum – D. pervilleanum – D. polycarpum – D. poulocondorense – D. pruinosum – D. prunifolium – D. pulchrum – D. pumilum – D. purpureocostatum – D. quangense – D. rovumense – D. rubrum – D. rufescens – D. schimperi – D. schweinfurthianum – D. serratifolium – D. serrulatum – D. squarrosum – D. staudtii – D. stuhlmannii – D. vaccinioides – D. walkeri – D. wallichii – D. wightianum – Discladium bernieri – D. chapelieri – D. comorense – D. dalzellii – D. gaudichaudii – D. harmandii – D. humblotii – D. koenigii – D. leschenaultii – D. lucidum – D. microphyllum – D. mossambicense – D. nitidum – D. obtusatum – D. planchonii – D. squarrosum – D. thouvenotii – D. wallichii – Ochna acuminata – O. acutifolia – O. affinis – O. alaternifolia – O. alba – O. alboserrata – O. alternifolia – O. amplexicaulis – O. anceps – O. andamanica – O. angolensis – O. angulata – O. angustifolia – O. antunesii – O. aquatica – O. ardisioides – O. arenaria – O. aschersoniana – O. axillaris – O. bakeriana – O. barteri – O. beddomei – O. bequaertii – O. bernieri – O. blanchetiana – O. boiviniana – O. boranensis – O. brachypoda – O. brevipes – O. brunnescens – O. buettneri – O. calophylla – O. caracasana – O. cardiosperma – O. carvalhi – O. cassinefolia – O. castaneifolia – O. caudata – O. chilversii – O. chirindica – O. coccinea – O. collina – O. conduplicata – O. confertiflora – O. congesta – O. congoensis – O. cordata – O. cordiosperma – O. coriacea – O. crassifolia – O. crassinervia – O. crocea – O. cuspidata – O. davilliflora – O. debeerstii – O. decaisnei – O. dekindtiana – O. delagoensis – O. densicoma – O. dependens – O. dubia – O. elegans – O. elongata – O. fascicularis – O. ferruginea – O. fieldingiana – O. fischeri – O. floribunda – O. foxworthyi – O. fragrans – O. fruticulosa – O. fuscescens – O. gigantophylla – O. gilgiana – O. gilletiana – O. glaberrima – O. glaucescens – O. globosa – O. gossweileri – O. gracilipes – O. grandiflora – O. grandifolia – O. grandis – O. griffoniana – O. guatemalensis – O. guianensis – O. harmandii – O. hexasperma – O. heyneana – O. hildebrandtii – O. hillii – O. hockii – O. hoepfneri – O. hoffmannii-ottonis – O. homblei – O. huillensis – O. humblotii – O. humilis – O. hylophila – O. ilicifolia – O. inundata – O. itineraria – O. ituriensis – O. juergensii – O. keniensis – O. klainei – O. laurifolia – O. longifolia – O. longipes – O. lucens – O. lucida – O. lucidula – O. macrocarpa – O. magdalenae – O. mannii – O. mechowiana – O. mexicana – O. microdonta – O. micropetala – O. miersii – O. moonii – O. mossambicensis – O. nana – O. nandiensis – O. nervosa – O. nitida – O. obovata – O. obtusifolia – O. oconnorii – O. odora – O. oleifolia – O. opaca – O. ovalis – O. padiflora – O. palisotii – O. parviflora – O. parvifolia – O. patens – O. pendula – O. perseifolia – O. pisiformis – O. polita – O. polyantha – O. polygyna – O. praecox – O. procera – O. pruinosa – O. prunifolia – O. pubescens – O. pulchella – O. purpureocostata – O. pycnostachys – O. pyrifolia – O. quangensis – O. quintasii – O. rapununiensis – O. rehmannii – O. reticulata – O. revoluta – O. rhodesica – O. riedeliana – O. rigida – O. rivae – O. roraimae – O. roseiflora – O. rotundifolia – O. rufescens – O. salicifolia – O. sapinii – O. schomburgkii – O. sellowii – O. semiserrata – O. serratifolia – O. shirensis – O. smythei – O. spectabilis – O. splendida – O. spruceana – O. squamosa – O. squarrosa – O. stipulacea – O. stipulata – O. stuhlmannii – O. suaveolens – O. suberosa – O. subscandens – O. sumatrana – O. superba – O. tenuifolia – O. tenuipes – O. tenuissima – O. terminalis – O. thyrsoidea – O. vaccinioides – O. vasivae – O. verruculosa – O. verticillata – O. vogelii – O. vulgaris – O. walkeri – O. wallichii – O. welwitschii – O. wightiana – O. wildemaniana – O. zeylanica – Ochnella afzelii – O. alba – O. barteri – O. boiviniana – O. brachypoda – O. buechneri – O. debeerstii – O. dekindtiana – O. densicoma – O. gracilipes – O. humilis – O. leptoclada – O. madagascariensis – O. mauritiana – O. mechowiana – O. ovata – O. pygmaea – O. rhizomatosa – O. schweinfurthiana – O. tenuis – O. welwitschii – Pleopetalum gaudichaudii – P. leschenaultii – P. lucidum – P. obtusatum – Polythecanthum cambodianum – P. cochinchinense – P. lefevrei – P. thorelii – Polythecium andravinense – P. bakeri – P. baronii – P. carvalhi – P. ciliatum – P. citrinum – P. cochinchinense – P. contortum – P. cordatum – P. discolor – P. emarginatum – P. fischeri – P. grandidieri – P. griffithii – P. helferi – P. hildebrandtii – P. humblotianum – P. inaequale – P. integrifolium – P. kingii – P. kirkii – P. latifolium – P. lefevrei – P. lokobense – P. longipes – P. lucens – P. macranthum – P. madagascariense – P. moonii – P. nitidum – P. obovatum – P. pedunculatum – P. pellucidum – P. pierrei – P. polycarpum – P. pruinosum – P. pulchrum – P. pumilum – P. rehmannii – P. richardii – P. rubrum – P. rufescens – P. splendidum – P. thomasianum – P. thorelii – P. thwaitesii – ...
Unresolved names

Diporidium goetzei – D. integrifolium – D. jallae – D. leiocladum – D. leucophaeum – D. macowanii – D. parvifolium – D. purpureum – D. sacleuxii – D. uniflorum – D. vahlii – D. zanguebaricum – Ochna calodendron – O. capensis – O. chrysantha – O. fryeri – O. gilgii – O. integrifolia – O. jabotapitta – O. macrophylla – O. merkeri – O. perriniana – O. piscicelliana – O. rubricaulis – Ochnella aurea – O. axillaris – O. capitata – O. chevalieri – O. ndellensis – O. ovalifolia – O. punctulata – O. tenuipes – Polythecium mucronatum – P. spinulosum
Source(s) of checklist:
Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Africa
West Tropical Africa
Benin, Burkina, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.
West-Central Tropical Africa
Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Is. (Annobón, Bioko, São Tomé), Rwanda, Zaïre.
Northeast Tropical Africa
Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan.
East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
South Tropical Africa
Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Southern Africa
Botswana, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Namibia, Northern Provinces, Swaziland.
Western Indian Ocean
Comoros (Mayotte), Madagascar, Mauritius.
Asia-Temperate
Arabian Peninsula
Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
China
China Southeast, Hainan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya (?)
Indo-China
Andaman Is., Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Malaya.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus I. Pp. [I–XII], 1–560. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page.
Tieghem, P. van. 1902. Subdivision du genre Ochne et constitution actuelle de la tribu des Ochnées. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 16: 113–128. BHL Reference page.
Tieghem, P. van. 1902. L'embryon des Ochnacées et son emploi dans la définition des genres. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle 8: 208–218. BHL Reference page.
Tieghem, P. van. 1902. Constitution nouvelle de la famille des Ochnacées. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 16: 181–212. BHL Reference page.
Tieghem, P. van. 1902. Quelques genres nouveaux d'Ochnacées. Constitution actuelle de la famille. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle 8: 371–381. BHL Reference page.
Tieghem, P. van. 1903. Biramelle et Pléopétale, deux genres nouveaux d'Ochnacées. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 17: 96–100. BHL Reference page.
Tieghem, P. van. 1903. Quelques espèces nouvelles d'Ochnacées. (Troisième partie). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle 9: 156–165. BHL Reference page.
Tieghem, P. van. 1907. Supplément aux Ochnacées, suivi d'une table alphabétique des genres et espèces qui composent actuellement cette famille. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, série 9, 5: 157–192. BHL Reference page.
Wendland, H.L. 1825. Descriptiones plantarum novarum vel minus cognitarum. Pp. 1–34 in Bartling, F.G. & Wendland, H.L., Beiträge zur Botanik, 2. Heft. Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen. Internet Archive Reference page.

Additional references

Du Toit, P.C.V. & Obermeyer, A.A. 1976. Ochnaceae. Pp. 1–13 in Ross, J.H. (ed.), Flora of Southern Africa, Vol. 22. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture Technical Services, Pretoria, ISBN 0-621-02870-3. Reference page.
Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. 1954. 63. Ochnaceae. Pp. 221–232 in Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 1(1), 2nd ed. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Reference page.
Kanis, A. 1968. A revision of the Ochnaceae of the Indo-Pacific area. Blumea 16: 1–82. PDF Reference page.
Kanis, A. 1972 ["1971"]. Ochnaceae. Pp. 97–119 in Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Ser. I, Vol. 7(1). Noordhoff International Publishing, Leyden. BHL Reference page.
Kanis, A. 1987. Ochnaceae. Pp. 245–254 in Dassanayake, M.D. & Fosberg, F.R. (eds.), A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. VI. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi. Reference page.
Richardson, I.B.K. 1979. 67. Ochnaceae. In Bosser, J., Cadet, T., Julien, H.R. & Marais, W. (eds.), Flore des Mascareignes. The Sugar Industry Research Institute, Mauritius; L'Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, Paris; The Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. 4 pp. Reference page.
Robson, N. 1962. New and little known species from the Flora Zambesiaca area. XI. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, Sér. 2, 36: 5–39. Online Reference page.
Robson, N.K.B. 1963. 44. Ochnaceae. Pp. 224–262 in Exell, A.W., Fernandes, A. & Wild, H. (eds.), Flora Zambesiaca, Vol. 2, part 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Online Reference page.
Safui, B. & Nayar, M.P. 1997. Ochnaceae. Pp. 424–430 in Hajra, P.K., Nair, V.J. & Daniel, P. (eds.), Flora of India, Vol. 4, Malpighiaceae–Dichapetalaceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Reference page.
Verdcourt, B. 2005. Ochnaceae. In Beentje, H.J. & Ghazanfar, S.A. (eds.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. 60 pp. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. Online Reference page.
Yédomonhan, H. 2006. Ochnaceae DC. Pp. 828–832 in Akoègninou, A., Van der Burg, W.J. & Van der Maesen, L.J.G. (chief eds.), Flore analytique du Bénin. Backhuys Publishers, Cotonou & Wageningen. ISBN 90-5782-181-8. Reference page.
Zhang Zhixiang & Amaral, M.C.E. 2007. Ochnaceae. Pp. 361–363 in Wu Zhengyi, Raven, P.H. & Hong Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 12, Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae. Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1. PDF Online Reference page.

Links

International Plant Names Index. 2019. Ochna. Published online. Accessed: 15 August 2019.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Diporidium in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 October 13.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Discladium in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 October 24.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Ochna in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2014 August 28.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Ochnella in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 October 24.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Pleopetalum in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 October 28.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Polythecanthum in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 October 28.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Polythecium in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 October 28.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Ochna.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Ochna in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2019-08-15.
Hassler, M. 2019. Ochna. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 August 15. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Ochna. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 15 August 2019.
African Plants Database (version 3.4.0). Ochna. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Accessed: 15 August 2019.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Nagelbeeren
Tiếng Việt: Chi Mai vàng
中文: 金莲木属

Ochna[1] is a genus comprising 86 species of evergreen trees, shrubs and shrublets belonging to the flowering plant family Ochnaceae. These species are native to tropical woodlands of Africa, the Mascarenes and Asia.[2] Species of this genus are usually called ochnas, bird's-eye bushes or Mickey-mouse plants, a name derived from the shape of the drupelet fruit. The name of this genus comes from the Greek word Ochne, used by Homer and meaning wild pear, as the leaves are similar in appearance. Some species, including Ochna integerrima (yellow Mai flower) and O. serrulata (bird's eye plant), are cultivated as decorative plants.

Distribution

Species of this genus are found in the Old World Tropics, especially in Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands and Asia.
Selected species

Ochna afzelii
Ochna andamanica
Ochna angustata
Ochna arborea
Ochna awrrulata
Ochna barbosae – sand plane, sand ochna
Ochna beddomei
Ochna beirensis
Ochna brevipes
Ochna calodendron
Ochna chilversii
Ochna ciliata
Ochna crocea
Ochna fruticulosa
Ochna gambleoides
Ochna glauca - blue–leaved ochna
Ochna grandis
Ochna harmandii
Ochna holstii – red ironwood, red ironwood ochna
Ochna inermis – stunted plane, boat-fruited ochna
Ochna indica
Ochna integerrima – yellow Mai flower (for Tet in southern Vietnam)
Ochna jabotapita
Ochna lanceolata
Ochna lucida
Ochna macrantha
Ochna mauritiana
Ochna membranacea
Ochna mossambicensis
Ochna multiflora
Ochna natalitia – Natal plane, showy ochna
Ochna obtusata
Ochna parviflora
Ochna polycarpa
Ochna pretoriensis – Magalies plane, Magalies ochna
Ochna pruinosa
Ochna pulchra – peeling plane, peeling ochna
Ochna rufescens
Ochna serrulata (syn. O. atropurpurea, O. multiflora) – carnival ochna, Mickey mouse bush
Ochna schweinfurthiana
Ochna thomasiana (syn. O. kirkii)
Ochna wallichii
Ochna wightiana

References

Linnaeus C (1753) Sp. Pl. 1: 513.
"Genus: Ochna". biodiversity explorer. iziko museums. Retrieved 6 August 2013.