Nymania

Sapindales
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Sapindales

Familia: Meliaceae
Subfamilia: Melioideae
Tribus: Turraeeae
Genus: Nymania
Species: N. capensis
Name

Nymania Lindb., Not. Sallsk. Fauna Fl. Fenn. Forh. 9: 290. 1868.
Type species: Nymania capensis (Thunb.) Lindb.

Synonyms

Homotypic
Aitonia Thunb., Physiogr. Sälsk. Handl. 1(3): 166. 1776 publ. 1780, nom. illeg. non Aytonia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (1775).
Aytonia L.f., Suppl. Pl. 49, 303. 1781 publ. 1782, nom. illeg. non J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (1775).
Carruthia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 141. 1891, nom. illeg.

References

Lindberg, S.O. (1868) Trans. Nov. Scand. Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Forhandlingar 9: 290.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Nymania in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Nymania capensis is a species of plant known in English as "Chinese lantern" because of the shape of its bright, colourful fruit, and in Afrikaans as "klapper" (meaning "firecracker" because children sometimes pop the capsules for fun).[1] It is the only species in the genus Nymania. It is a spare, scrubby, woody shrub or small tree, typically ) 0.5–3 m tall. It is endemic to South Africa and some closely bordering territories, especially inland regions in central, northern and eastern parts. It grows mainly in Karooid regions, among the scrub of gorges, but also in open veld and river banks in the Great and Little Karoo, Namaqualand and Kalahari.[2] The leaves are alternate and fascicled. They are simple and more or less linear. The flowers are solitary, born on pedicels in axils. The corolla and calyx have four lobes each, with eight stamens inserted at the base of the disc, the filaments being connate at their base. The ovary is superior and sessile; it has four lobes and four locules, each containing two collateral ascending ovules. The stigma is simple and the style extends further than the stamens. The fruit is an inflated membranous capsule, 3–5 cm across, each locule forming a distinct lobe. The ripe seeds are hard and rounded, some 2–4 mm in diameter. A locule may contain less than two seeds, due to abortion.[3]

The capsules are too heavy to be windborne, but when ripe they sometimes are blown over the veld, bearing their seeds in the manner of miniature tumbleweeds.[1]

Carl Peter Thunberg originally described the species as Aitonia capensis in honour of William Aiton, but John Lindley later renamed it to Nymania in honour of Carl Fredrik Nyman. Nymania capensis is the only species in the genus Nymania Lindb. Another species, "Nymania insignis K.Schum." (in the junior homonym genus Nymania K.Schum.; Euphorbiaceae) is a synonym of Phyllanthus clamboides. The genus has variously been assigned to the families Sapindaceae, Aitoniaceae, and Meliaceae. The correct assignment also is under review. Some characteristics, such as the pollen type, still are giving taxonomists pause.[1]

Though the plant currently is valued as an ornamental, it is not easy for the amateur to germinate and it does not seem to have been of much material importance in other respects; it has been reported to have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of convulsions.[4] Goats will browse it, but it is seldom plentiful enough to be important as a major source of forage.[1]
References

Palmer, Eve; Pitman, Norah (1972). Trees of Southern Africa. A. A. Balkema.
Marloth, Rudolf. The Flora of South Africa” 1932 Pub. Cape Town: Darter Bros. London: Wheldon & Wesley.
Dyer, R. Allen, The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants”. ISBN 0 621 02854 1, 1975
Watt, John Mitchell; Breyer-Brandwijk, Maria Gerdina: The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa 2nd ed Pub. E & S Livingstone 1962