Neoregelia

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Bromeliaceae
Subfamilia: Bromelioideae
Genus: Neoregelia
Species: N. abendrothae – N. alvimii – N. amandae – N. ampullacea – N. angustibracteolata – N. angustifolia – N. atroviridifolia – N. azevedoi – N. bahiana – N. binotii – N. bragarum – N. brevifolia – N. brigadeirensis – N. brownii – N. burlemarxii – N. camorimiana – N. capixaba – N. carcharodon – N. carinata – N. carolinae – N. cathcartii – N. chlorosticta – N. coimbrae – N. compacta – N. concentrica – N. coriacea – N. correia-araujoi – N. crispata – N. cruenta – N. cyanea – N. dactyloflammans – N. dayvidiana – N. diversifolia – N. doeringiana – N. dungsiana – N. eleutheropetala – N. eltoniana – N. farinosa – N. fluminensis – N. fosteriana – N. gavionensis – N. gigas – N. guttata – N. hoehneana – N. ibitipocensis – N. ilhana – N. indecora – N. inexspectata – N. johannis – N. johnsoniae – N. kautskyi – N. kerryae – N. kuhlmannii – N. lactea – N. laevis – N. leprosa – N. leucophoea – N. leviana – N. lilliputiana – N. lillyae – N. longipedicellata – N. longisepala – N. lymaniana – N. macahensis – N. macrosepala – N. maculata – N. magdalenae – N. margaretae – N. marmorata – N. martinellii – N. mcwilliamsii – N. melanodonta – N. menescalii – N. mooreana – N. mucugensis – N. myrmecophila – N. nevaresii – N. nivea – N. odorata – N. olens – N. oligantha – N. paratiensis – N. pascoaliana – N. pauciflora – N. paulistana – N. pendula – N. pendula – N. pendula – N. pernambucana – N. petropolitana – N. pineliana – N. pontualii – N. princeps – N. punctatissima – N. retrorsa – N. richteri – N. roethii – N. rosea – N. rothinessa – N. rubrifolia – N. rubrovittata – N. ruschii – N. sanguinea – N. sapiatibensis – N. sarmentosa – N. schubertii – N. seideliana – N. silvimontana – N. simulans – N. smithii – N. spectabilis – N. spiralipetala – N. stolonifera – N. tarapotoensis – N. tenebrosa – N. tigrina – N. tristis – N. uleana – N. viridolineata – N. viridovinosa – N. wilsoniana – N. wurdackii – N. zaslawskyi – N. zonata
Name

Neoregelia L.B.Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 78 (1934)

Type species: Neoregelia carolinae (Beer) L.B.Sm., Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 9 (1939) Designated as synonym Billbergia meyendorffii Regel, Index Seminum (LE) 1857: 27 (1857).

Synonyms

Basionym
Regelia (Lem.) Lindm., Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 47: 542 (1890), nom. illeg. non Schauer (1843) Myrtaceae

References

Smith, L.B. (1934) Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 104: 78. BHL
Govaerts, R. et al. 2015. Neoregelia in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2015 July 15. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2015. Neoregelia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2015 July 15.
International Plant Names Index. 2015. Neoregelia. Published online. Accessed: July 15 2015.

Neoregelia is a genus of epiphytic flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae, native to South American rainforests.[1] The genus name is for Eduard August von Regel, Director of St. Petersburg Botanic Gardens in Russia (1875–1892).[2]

Description

Neoregelias are epiphytic plants, meaning they grow attached to the branches of forest trees; they do not naturally grow in the Earth, though they can be cultivated on the ground in controlled conditions, such as a garden, provided they are kept in a very airy growing medium such as pine bark that allows the root system to breathe. Their roots serve primarily as hold-fasts to grip their canopy perches and are adapted poorly to absorb nutriment, which is instead obtained through leaf litter, animal droppings and rainfall that collects in the prominent central cup exhibited by most species in the genus. They have mostly broad, relatively flat leaves often marked brightly with red, purple or yellow pigments which serve to protect the green photosynthetic tissues from sunburn and through selective breeding and hybridization thousands of cultivars in almost all color combinations, many also striped with white, have been produced.

The inflorescences of these plants form in the shallow central depression - the "cup" - of the plant, which often fills partway with water, through which the flowers bloom. Neoregelias, like most bromeliads, bloom only once in their lifetime and then begin to die, but normally not before producing several pups - small clones of the parent plant - around the central flowering rosette on stolons.[3] These offshoots eventually replace the mother plant and form a cluster around it - although in cultivation, the offshoots can be severed and replanted when about two-thirds the size of the adult plant. The leaves immediately surrounding the inflorescence are very often brightly colored, even in species otherwise not brightly marked - an adaptation to attract pollinating insects.
Cultivation

Neoregelia bromeliads and their hybrids, due to their varied forms and beautiful colors, are commonly cultivated as houseplants, or in warm climates as landscape plants. They are particularly suitable for vivarium culture. Their needs are simple, mainly consisting of bright light (most forms will revert to green if lighting is sub-optimal) and an airy growing medium - some species do not do well in soil and will be prone to rot due to their nature as epiphytes.

In temperate regions where temperatures fall below 10 °C (50 °F), they must be grown under glass or as houseplants.[3] There are over 5000 registered cultivars.
Symbiosis

Neoregelias are utilized by many species of poison dart frog to reproduce. The frogs raise their tadpoles in the security of the water-filled cup in the bromeliads' rosettes, allowing them to stay in the relative safety of the treetops and not have to venture to a pool on the ground where predators are likely much more numerous. Waste products from the frogs and their offspring, once deposited into the cup, are utilized by the plant for nourishment.[4]
Subgenera

Neoregelia
Longipetalopsis Leme

Protoregelia W. Till & Leme
Hylaeaicum (Ule ex Mez) L. B. Smith & Read

Species

Neoregelia abendrothae L. B. Smith
Neoregelia amandae W. Weber
Neoregelia ampullacea (E. Morren) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia angustibracteolata E. Pereira & Leme
Neoregelia angustifolia E. Pereira
Neoregelia atroviridifolia W. Weber & Röth
Neoregelia azevedoi Leme
Neoregelia bahiana (Ule) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia binotii (Antoine) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia bragarum (E. Pereira & L. B. Smith) Leme
Neoregelia brevifolia L. B. Smith & Reitz
Neoregelia brigadeirensis Paula & Leme
Neoregelia brownii Leme
Neoregelia burle-marxii R. W. Read
ssp. meeana R. W. Read
Neoregelia camorimiana E. Pereira & I. A. Penna
Neoregelia capixaba E. Pereira & Leme
Neoregelia carcharodon (Baker) L. B. Smith
var. atroviolacea Reitz
Neoregelia carinata Leme
Neoregelia carolinae (Beer) L. B. Smith
var. carolinae
forma tricolor (M. B. Foster) M. B. Foster ex L. B. Smith
Neoregelia cathcartii C.F. Reed & R. W. Read
Neoregelia chlorosticta (Baker) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia coimbrae E. Pereira & Leme
Neoregelia compacta (Mez) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia concentrica (Vellozo) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia coriacea (Antoine) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia correia-araujoi E. Pereira & I. A. Penna
Neoregelia crispata Leme
Neoregelia cruenta (Graham) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia cyanea (Beer) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia diversifolia E. Pereira
Neoregelia doeringiana L. B. Smith
Neoregelia dungsiana E. Pereira
Neoregelia eleutheropetala (Ule) L. B. Smith
var. bicolor L. B. Smith
Neoregelia eltoniana W. Weber
Neoregelia farinosa (Ule) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia fluminensis L. B. Smith
Neoregelia fosteriana L. B. Smith
Neoregelia gavionensis Martinelli & Leme
Neoregelia gigas Leme & L. Kollmann
Neoregelia guttata Leme
Neoregelia hoehneana L. B. Smith
Neoregelia ibitipocensis (Leme) Leme
Neoregelia indecora (Mez) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia inexspectata Leme
Neoregelia johannis (Carrière) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia johnsoniae H. Luther
Neoregelia kautskyi E. Pereira
Neoregelia kerryi Leme
Neoregelia kuhlmannii L. B. Smith
Neoregelia lactea H. Luther & Leme
Neoregelia laevis (Mez) L. B. Smith
var. laevis
forma maculata H. Luther
Neoregelia leprosa L. B. Smith
Neoregelia leucophoea (Baker) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia leviana L. B. Smith
Neoregelia lilliputiana E. Pereira

Neoregelia lillyae W. Weber
var. acuminata W. Weber
Neoregelia longipedicellata Leme
Neoregelia longisepala E. Pereira & I. A. Penna
Neoregelia lymaniana R. Braga & Sucre
Neoregelia macahensis (Ule) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia macrosepala L. B. Smith
Neoregelia maculata L. B. Smith
Neoregelia macwilliamsii L. B. Smith
Neoregelia magdalenae L. B. Smith & Reitz
var. teresae L. B. Smith & Reitz
Neoregelia margaretae L. B. Smith
Neoregelia marmorata (Baker) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia martinellii W. Weber
Neoregelia melanodonta L. B. Smith
Neoregelia menescalii Leme
Neoregelia mooreana L. B. Smith
Neoregelia mucugensis Leme
Neoregelia myrmecophila (Ule ex G. Karsten & H. Schenk) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia nevaresii Leme & H. Luther
Neoregelia nivea Leme
Neoregelia odorata Leme
Neoregelia olens (Hooker f.) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia oligantha L. B. Smith
Neoregelia pascoaliana L. B. Smith
Neoregelia pauciflora L. B. Smith
Neoregelia paulistana E. Pereira
Neoregelia pendula L. B. Smith
var. brevifolia L. B. Smith
Neoregelia pernambucana Leme & J. A. Siqueira
Neoregelia petropolitana Leme
Neoregelia pineliana (Lemaire) L. B. Smith
var. phyllanthidea (Morren) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia pontualii Leme
Neoregelia princeps (Baker) L. B. Smith
var. phyllanthidea (Mez) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia punctatissima (Ruschi) Ruschi
Neoregelia richteri W. Weber
Neoregelia roethii W. Weber
Neoregelia rosea L. B. Smith
Neoregelia rubrifolia Ruschi
Neoregelia rubrovittata Leme
Neoregelia ruschii Leme & B. R. Silva
Neoregelia sanguinea Leme
Neoregelia sapiatibensis E. Pereira & I. A. Penna
Neoregelia sarmentosa (Regel) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia schubertii Röth
Neoregelia seideliana L. B. Smith & Reitz
Neoregelia silvomontana Leme & J. A. Siqueira
Neoregelia simulans L. B. Smith
Neoregelia smithii W. Weber
Neoregelia spectabilis (T. Moore) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia stolonifera L. B. Smith
Neoregelia tarapotoensis Rauh
Neoregelia tenebrosa Leme
Neoregelia tigrina (Ruschi) Ruschi
Neoregelia tristis (Beer) L. B. Smith
Neoregelia uleana L. B. Smith
Neoregelia wilsoniana M. B. Foster
Neoregelia wurdackii L. B. Smith
Neoregelia zaslawskyi E. Pereira & Leme
Neoregelia zonata L. B. Smith
References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-02-03. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
https://www.aqua.org/blog/2013/July/the-life-cycle-of-poison-dart-frogs-explained