Nemophila

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Boraginales

Familia: Boraginaceae
Subfamilia: Hydrophylloideae
Genus: Nemophila
Species: N. aphylla – N. breviflora – N. heterophylla – N. hoplandensis – N. kirtleyi – N. maculata, – N. menziesii – N. parviflora – N. pedunculata – N. phacelioides – N. pulchella – N. sayersensis – N. spatulata
Name

Nemophila Nutt. ex W.P.C.Barton, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 71 (1822).
Synonyms

Anonymos Gronov. ex Kuntze
Erythrorhiza Michx.
Galax L.
Viticella Mitch.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Alabama, California, Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Mexico Northwest, Tennessee, Texas
Introduced into:
Czechoslovakia, Norway, Sweden

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References
Primary references

Nuttall, T., 182. A Flora of North America (Barton) 2: 71

Links

Hassler, M. 2020. Nemophila. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 March 4. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Nemophila in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 March 4. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Nemophila. Published online. Accessed: 4 March 2020.

Vernacular names
suomi: Sievikit

Nemophila is a genus found in the flowering plant family Boraginaceae.

Most of the species in Nemophila contain the phrase "baby blue eyes" in their common names. N. menziesii has the common name of "baby blue eyes". N. parviflora is called the "smallflower baby blue-eyes" and N. spatulata is called the "Sierra baby blue eyes". An exception to this naming tendency is N. maculata, whose common name is fivespot.

Nemophila species are mainly native to the western United States, though some species are also found in western Canada and Mexico, and in the southeastern United States.

Nemophila are commonly offered for sale for garden cultivation. Generally these are N. menziesii.

Description

All species of Nemophila are annuals, and most bloom in the spring. Their flowers have five petals and are bell or cup-shaped, and purple, blue, or white in color, often spotted or marked. The stamens are included and there is only one ovary chamber.

The leaves are simple, with an opposite or alternate arrangement. The petiole is generally bristly. The leaf blade is pinnately toothed or lobed.

The fruit is 2–7 mm wide and generally enclosed by the calyx. The fruit itself is spherical to ovoid in shape. It is also hairy.

The seeds are ovoid, smooth, wrinkled or pitted. At one end there is a colorless, conic appendage.
Occurrence

Some of the species of Nemophila are of restricted range. For example, Nemophila menziesii has been observed only in western North America, but chiefly in California.[1] Nemophila heterophylla occurs in a more restricted range within northern and central California (with some proximate state populations); N. heterophylla has the greatest number of sightings Marin County at locations such as Ring Mountain.[2]
Etymology

Nemophila means "woodland-loving". It comes from the Latin word nemus, which means "grove" or "wooded glade", and the Greek word philos, which means "loving".
Species

There are 11 species in Nemophila:

Nemophila aphylla: Smallflower baby blue eyes
Nemophila breviflora: Great Basin nemophila, Basin nemophila
Nemophila heterophylla: Small baby blue eyes,
Nemophila kirtleyi: Kirtley's nemophila
Nemophila maculata: Fivespot, five-spot
Nemophila menziesii: Baby blue eyes
Nemophila parviflora: Smallflower nemophila, small-flowered nemophila
Nemophila pedunculata: Littlefoot nemophila, meadow nemophila
Nemophila phacelioides: Largeflower baby blue eyes
Nemophila pulchella: Eastwood's nemophila, Eastwood's baby blue eyes
Nemophila spatulata: Sierra nemophila, Sierra baby blue eyes

N. menziesii, N. parviflora, and N. pulchella have varieties under each species.
References

Calflora, Nemophila menziesii
C. Michael Hogan (2008) Ring Mountain, The Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham [1]