Marshallia grandiflora

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Helenieae
Subtribus: Marshalliinae
Genus: Marshallia
Species: Marshallia grandiflora
Name

Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & C.L.Boynton, Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1(1): 7. 1901
Distribution
Native distribution areas:
References

Beadle & F.E.Boynton, Biltmore Botanical Studies; a Journal of Botany Embracing Papers by the Director and Associates of the Biltmore Herbarium 1:7. 1901

Links

International Plant Names Index. 2018. Marshallia grandiflora. Published online. Accessed: January 28 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Marshallia grandiflora in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 January 28.
Tropicos.org 2018. Marshallia grandiflora. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 28 January 2018.
Hassler, M. 2018. Marshallia grandiflora. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 January 28. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Marshallia grandiflora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
English: Monongahela Barbara's buttons

Marshallia grandiflora, the Appalachian Barbara's buttons, is an extinct species of flowering plant in the genus Marshallia within the sunflower family. It was endemic to the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina in the Eastern United States, in Henderson and Polk counties. It was found primarily along gravelly and sandy bars along high-gradient rivers, and was presumably wiped out due to changes in this restricted habitat. It was last sighted in 1919.[3][4]

Marshallia grandiflora was an herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall. Most of the leaves were clustered around the base of the stem. One plant would produce one or two heads, each head containing pink disc flowers but no ray flowers.[5]

It was formerly considered conspecific with M. pulchra, the beautiful Barbara's buttons or Monongahela Barbara's buttons, which is endemic to the central Appalachia region from southwestern Pennsylvania to eastern Tennessee, with the largest population occurs along the Gauley River in West Virginia.[6][7] A 2020 study found the two populations to represent distinct species, and thus only the North Carolina population was kept in M. grandiflora, with the Central Appalachian populations being reclassified into the new species M. pulchra. Both species are closely related to one another and to M. legrandii.[3] M. pulchra is also threatened by changes to its habitat.[4]
References

Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 3: 503.
Marshallia grandiflora NatureServe
Knapp, Wesley M.; Poindexter, Derick B.; Weakley, Alan S. (2020-06-04). "The true identity of Marshallia grandiflora , an extinct species, and the description of Marshallia pulchra (Asteraceae, Helenieae, Marshalliinae)". Phytotaxa. 447 (1): 1–15. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.447.1.1. ISSN 1179-3163.
"Newly Discovered Wetland Flower in North Carolina Already Extinct". Center for Biological Diversity. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
Flora of North America, Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & F. E. Boynton, 1901.
United States Department of Agriculture plants profile map, accessed 12.1.2011
Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map