Manihot

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Crotonoideae
Tribus: Manihoteae
Genus: Manihot
Species: M. acuminatissima – M. aesculifolia – M. allemii – M. alutacea – M. angustiloba – M. anisophylla – M. anomala – M. appanii – M. arenaria – M. attenuata – M. auriculata – M. baccata – M. bellidifolia – M. brachyandra – M. brachyloba – M. breviloba – M. caerulescens – M. carthagenensis – M. catingae – M. caudata – M. cecropiifolia – M. cezarii – M. chlorosticta – M. compositifolia – M. condensata – M. confertiflora – M. corymbiflora – M. crassisepala – M. crotalariiformis – M. davisiae – M. debilis – M. diamantinensis – M. dichotoma – M. divergens – M. ebracteata – M. epruinosa – M. esculenta – M. fabianae – M. falcata – M. filamentosa – M. flemingiana – M. foetida – M. fortalezensis – M. fruticulosa – M. gabrielensis – M. gracilis – M. grahamii – M. gratiosa – M. guaranitica – M. handroana – M. hassleriana – M. heptaphylla – M. hilariana – M. hunzikeriana – M. inflata – M. irwinii – M. jacobinensis – M. janiphoides – M. jolyana – M. kalungae – M. leptophylla – M. longepetiolata – M. longiracemosa – M. lourdesiae – M. luxurians – M. maracasensis – M. marajoara – M. mcvaughii – M. membranacea – M. michaelis – M. minima – M. mirabilis – M. mossamedensis – M. nana – M. neusana – M. nogueirae – M. oaxacana – M. obovata – M. oligantha – M. orbicularis – M. pachycaulis – M. palmata – M. pauciflora – M. paviifolia – M. peltata – M. pentaphylla – M. peruviana – M. pilosa – M. pohliana – M. pohlii – M. populifolia – M. pringlei – M. procumbens – M. pruinosa – M. pseudoglaziovii – M. purpurea – M. purpureocostata – M. pusilla – M. quinquefolia – M. quinqueloba – M. quinquepartita – M. reniformis – M. reptans – M. rhomboidea – M. robusta – M. rubricaulis – M. sagittatopartita – M. salicifolia – M. saxatilis – M. sparsifolia – M. stellata – M. stipularis – M. stricta – M. subspicata – M. surinamensis – M. tenella – M. tomatophylla – M. tombadorensis – M. tomentosa – M. triloba – M. tripartita – M. triphylla – M. tristis – M. variifolia – M. veadeirensis – M. violacea – M. walkerae – M. websteri – M. weddelliana – M. xavantinensis – M. zehntneri
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Manihot in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jun 17. Reference page.

Name

Manihot Mill. (1754)

Type species: M. esculenta Crantz

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Janipha Loefl., Iter Hispan.: 309 (1758).
Janipha Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: t. 109 (1817), nom. illeg.
Mandioca Link, Handbuch 2: 436 (1831).
Hotnima A.Chev., J. Agric. Trop. 8: 111 (1908).
Manihotoides D.J.Rogers & Appan, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 13: 247 (1973).

References

Miller, P. 1754. The Gardeners Dictionary. Abridged. Ed. 4, Vol. 1–3 (unpaged). John & James Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.79061 Reference page. : ed. 4: s.p.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Manihot in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jun 17. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Manihot. Published online. Accessed: Jun 17 2020.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Manihot in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jun 17. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2020. Manihot. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jun 17.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Manihot in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
čeština: Maniok
English: cassava
eesti: Maniokk
lietuvių: Manijokas
മലയാളം: മാനിഹോട്ട്
polski: Maniok
русский: Маниок
українська: Маніок
Tiếng Việt: Chi Sắn
中文: 木薯属

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.[5][3]

Species of Manihot are monoecious trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay.[4] The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).[6]

Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

Species[4]

Manihot acuminatissima Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia
Manihot aesculifolia (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America
Manihot alutacea D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona
Manihot anisophylla (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina
Manihot anomala Pohl – South America
Manihot attenuata Müll.Arg. - Goiás
Manihot auriculata McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit
Manihot baccata Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
Manihot brachyandra Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia
Manihot brachyloba Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
Manihot breviloba – Sergipe
Manihot caerulescens Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
Manihot catingae Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais
Manihot caudata Greenm. – N Mexico
Manihot cecropiifolia – Goiás, Distrito Federal
Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldman – Mexico
Manihot compositifolia Allem – Bahia
Manihot condensata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia
Manihot corymbiflora Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro
Manihot crassisepala Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco
Manihot crotalariiformis Pohl – Minas Gerais
Manihot davisiae Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
Manihot diamantinensis Allem – Bahia
Manihot dichotoma Ule – NE Brazil
Manihot divergens Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
Manihot epruinosa Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil
Manihot falcata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal
Manihot filamentosa Pittier – NW Venezuela
Manihot flemingiana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
Manihot foetida (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico
Manihot fortalezensis Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará
Manihot fruticulosa (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil
Manihot gabrielensis Allem – Goiás
Manihot gracilis Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil
Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
Manihot guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
Manihot handroana Cruz – Minas Gerais
Manihot hassleriana – Paraguay
Manihot heptaphylla Ule – Bahia
Manihot hilariana Baill. – Minas Gerais
Manihot hunzikeriana Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
Manihot inflata Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
Manihot irwinii D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
Manihot jacobinensis Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia
Manihot janiphoides Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais
Manihot jolyana Cruz – São Paulo
Manihot leptophylla Pax – NW South America
Manihot longepetiolata Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
Manihot maracasensis Ule – Bahia
Manihot marajoara Huber – Pará, Amapá
Manihot mcvaughii V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán
Manihot membranacea Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso
Manihot michaelis McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco
Manihot mirabilis Pax – Paraguay
Manihot mossamedensis Taub. – Goiás
Manihot nana Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais
Manihot neusana Nassar – Paraná
Manihot nogueirae Allem – Distrito Federal
Manihot oaxacana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca
Manihot obovata J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero
Manihot oligantha Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás
Manihot orbicularis Pohl – Goiás
Manihot palmata Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro
Manihot pauciflora Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca
Manihot paviifolia Pohl – Goiás
Manihot peltata Pohl – Goiás
Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
Manihot peruviana Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin
Manihot pilosa Pohl – E Brazil
Manihot pohliana Müll.Arg. – Bahia
Manihot pohlii Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
Manihot populifolia Pax – Paraguay
Manihot pringlei S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
Manihot procumbens Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
Manihot pruinosa Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil
Manihot purpureocostata Pohl – Goiás
Manihot pusilla Pohl – Goiás
Manihot quinquefolia Pohl – Bahia
Manihot quinqueloba Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
Manihot quinquepartita Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
Manihot reniformis Pohl – Bahia
Manihot reptans Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais
Manihot rhomboidea Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America
Manihot rubricaulis I.M.Johnst. – Mexico
Manihot sagittatopartita Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
Manihot salicifolia Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
Manihot sparsifolia Pohl – Goiás
Manihot stipularis Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás
Manihot stricta Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
Manihot subspicata Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
Manihot surinamensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
Manihot tenella Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay
Manihot tomatophylla Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
Manihot tomentosa Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
Manihot triloba (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico
Manihot tripartita (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay
Manihot triphylla Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
Manihot tristis Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
Manihot variifolia Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay
Manihot violacea Pohl – Brazil
Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas
Manihot websteri D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca
Manihot weddelliana Baill. – Goiás
Manihot xavantinensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
Manihot zehntneri Ule – Bahia

variety treated as a species

Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem

formerly included[4]

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha

M. curcas – Jatropha curcas
M. diversifolia – Jatropha diversifolia
M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia
M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens
M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus
M. multifida – Jatropha multifida
M. spinosissima – Cnidoscolus vitifolius
M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens

References

"Genus: Manihot Mill". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-03-31. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
lectotype designated by R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 5: 64 (1989)
Tropicos, Manihot Mill.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition vol. 2
Second, G; C. Iglesias (2001). "Chapter 11: The State of the Use of Cassava Genetic Diversity and a Proposal to Enhance it". In H. David Cooper, Charlie Spillane (ed.). Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production. CABI. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-0-85199-411-6.