Mangifera

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Sapindales

Familia: Anacardiaceae
Subfamilia: Anacardioideae
Genus: Mangifera
Species: M. acutigemma – M. altissima – M. andamanica – M. applanata – M. austroindica – M. blommesteinii – M. bompardii – M. bullata – M. caesia – M. caloneura – M. campnospermoides – M. camptosperma – M. casturi – M. cochinchinensis – M. collina – M. decandra – M. dewildei – M. dongnaiense – M. duperreana – M. flava – M. foetida – M. gedebe – M. gracilipes – M. griffithii – M. havilandi – M. indica – M. inocarpoides – M. khasiana – M. khoonmengiana – M. lagenifera – M. lalijiwa – M. linearifolia – M. longipes – M. macrocarpa – M. magnifica – M. mariana – M. merrillii – M. minor – M. minutifolia – M. monandra – M. nicobarica – M. odorata – M. orophila – M. pajang – M. paludosa – M. parvifolia – M. pedicellata – M. pentandra – M. persiciforma – M. pseudoindica – M. quadrifida – M. reba – M. rubropetala – M. rufocostata – M. similis – M. subsessilifolia – M. sulavesiana – M. sumbawaensis – M. superba – M. swintonioides – M. sylvatica – M. timorensis – M. transversalis
⧼Source(s) of checklist⧽:

Hassler, M. 2018. Mangifera. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 08. Reference page.

Name

Mangifera L., Sp. Pl. 1: 200. 1753.

Type species: Mangifera indica L.

References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 200. Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Mangifera. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 08. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Mangifera. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 08 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Mangifera in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 08.
Tropicos.org 2018. Mangifera. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Aug. 08.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Mangifera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Veselperske
Ænglisc: Mængo
العربية: مانجو
Aymar aru: Catuña
беларуская: Манга
български: Манго
বাংলা: আম
bosanski: Mango
català: Mango
Chamoru: Mangga
čeština: Mangovník
dansk: Mango
Deutsch: Mango
ދިވެހިބަސް: އަނބު
eʋegbe: Maŋgo
Ελληνικά: Μάνγκο
English: Mango
Esperanto: Mangifero
español: Mango
euskara: Mango
فارسی: انبه
suomi: Mangopuut
français: Mangue
galego: Mango
ગુજરાતી: કેરી
Gaelg: Mango
עברית: מנגו
हिन्दी: लंगड़ा आम
hrvatski: Mango
hornjoserbsce: Mangowc
magyar: Mangó
Bahasa, Indonesia: Mangga
italiano: Mango
日本語: マンゴー
Jawa: Pelem
ಕನ್ನಡ: ಮಾವು
한국어: 망고
Lëtzebuergesch: Mango
lingála: Língoló
lietuvių: Mangas
latviešu: Mango
македонски: Манго
മലയാളം: മാങ്ങ
मराठी: आंबा
Bahasa Melayu: Mangga
नेपाल भाषा: मांगो
norsk: Mango
polski: Mango
پنجابی: امب
português: Manga
română: Mango
русский: Манго
sicilianu: Mànicu
සිංහල: අඹ
slovenčina: Mangovník
slovenščina: Mangovec
српски / srpski: Манго
svenska: Mangosläktet
Kiswahili: Mwembe
தமிழ்: மாம்பழம்
తెలుగు: మామిడి
ไทย: มะม่วง
Tagalog: Mangga
lea faka-Tonga: Mango
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche: مانگو
українська: Манго
اردو: آم
Tiếng Việt: Chi Xoài
Bân-lâm-gú: Sōaiⁿ-á
粵語: 芒果
中文: 杧果属

Mangifera is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains approximately 69 species, with the best-known being the Common Mango (Mangifera indica). The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesian ecoregion of Southeast Asia; particularly in Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay peninsula.[3][4] They are generally canopy trees in lowland rainforests, reaching a height of 30–40 m (98–131 ft).[5]

Uses

Mangifera species are widely cultivated in Asia and elsewhere. More than 27 species in the genus bear edible, fleshy fruits, especially the Common Mango (M. indica). Others, such as M. foetida, yield astringent fruits that can be eaten pickled.[6]
Fossil record

The earliest fossil species thought to be related to Mangifera is Eomangiferophyllum damalgiriense from the upper Paleocene of northeastern India. Leaves have also been reported from the Paleocene of Japan and the Eocene of Germany. Leaf compressions with a close affinity to Mangifera have been collected from Oligocene or early Miocene sediments in northern Thailand.[7][8]

Mango wastes, such as the seed kernel and peel, have high functional and nutritional potential. Mango seed contains important bioactive compounds that have high antioxidant activity, lipids that have acceptable physical and chemical characteristics (free of trans fatty acids), and a high protein content.[9] The mango peel contains considerable amounts of antioxidants and dietary fiber.[10]
Taxonomy
Subgenera

Subgenus Mangifera
Section Marchandora Pierre
Section Euantherae Pierre
Section Rawa Kosterm.
Section Mangifera Kosterm.
Subgenus Limus (Marchand) Kosterm.

Species

The following species names have been included:

Mangifera acutigemma Kosterm.; Unresolved[11]
Mangifera altissima Blanco; Unresolved[12]
Mangifera amba Forssk.; Unresolved[13]
Mangifera andamanica King; Unresolved[14]
Mangifera anisodora Blanco; Unresolved[15]
Mangifera applanata Kosterm.; Unresolved[16]
Mangifera austro-indica Kosterm.; Unresolved[17]
Mangifera blommesteinii Kosterm.; Unresolved [18]
Mangifera bullata Kosterm. Unresolved [19]
Mangifera caesia Jack Accepted [20]
Mangifera campnospermoides Kosterm. unresolved [21]
Mangifera camptosperma Pierre Unresolved [22]
Mangifera casturi Kosterm.; Accepted [23]
Mangifera cochinchinensis Engl. Accepted[24] (Indo-China)
Mangifera collina Kosterm. Unresolved [25]
Mangifera decandra Ding Hou; Unresolved [26]
Mangifera dewildei Kosterm. unresolved [27]
Mangifera dongnaiensis Pierre Accepted (Vietnam) [28]
Mangifera flava Evrard Accepted[29] (Indo-China)
Mangifera foetida Lour. Accepted [30]
Mangifera gedebi Miq. unresolved [31]
Mangifera gracilipes Hook.f. Unresolved [32]
Mangifera griffithii Hook.f. Unresolved [33]
Mangifera indica L. Accepted: the common mango (type sp.) [34] (synonym M. austroyunnanensis Hu)[35]
Mangifera kemanga Blume Unresolved [36]
Mangifera lalijiwa Kosterm. Unresolved [37]
Mangifera laurina Blume Accepted [38]
Mangifera linearifolia (Mukh.) Kosterm. Accepted [39]
Mangifera macrocarpa Blume Unresolved [40]
Mangifera magnifica Kochummen Unresolved [41]
Mangifera merrllii Mukherji Unresolved [42]
Mangifera minutifolia Evrard Accepted[43] (Vietnam)
Mangifera monandra Merr. Unresolved [44]
Mangifera nicobarica Kosterm. Unresolved [45]
Mangifera odorata Griff. Accepted [46]
Mangifera orophila Kosterm. Unresolved [47]
Mangifera pajang Kosterm. Unresolved [48]
Mangifera paludosa Kosterm. Unresolved [49]
Mangifera parvifolia Boerl. & Koord. Unresolved [50]
Mangifera pedicellata Kosterm. Unresolved [51]
Mangifera pentandra Hook.f. Unresolved [52]
Mangifera persiciformis C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming; Accepted (synonyms: M. persiciforma C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming,[53] Mangifera hiemalis J.Y. Liang [54])
Mangifera pseudoindica Kosterm. Unresolved [55]
Mangifera quadrifida Jack ex Wall. unresolved [56]
Mangifera reba Pierre. Accepted[57]
Mangifera rubropetala Kosterm. Accepted [58]
Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm. Unresolved [59]
Mangifera siamensis Warb. ex W. G. Craib Accepted [60]
Mangifera similis Blume Unresolved [61]
Mangifera sumbawaensis Kosterm. Unresolved [62]
Mangifera superba Hook.f. Unresolved [63]
Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. Accepted (Malesia) [64]
Mangifera sylvatica Roxb. Accepted [65]
Mangifera taipa Buch.-Ham. Unresolved [66]
Mangifera torquenda Kosterm. Unresolved [67]
Mangifera transversalis Kosterm. Unresolved [68]
Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook.f. [69] Unresolved [70]

Formerly placed here

Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn. (as M. oppositifolia Roxb.)
Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida[71] (as M. axillaris Desr.)
Elaeodendron glaucum (Rottb.) Pers. (as M. glauca Rottb.)
Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill. (as M. gabonensis Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke)
Fegimanra africana (Oliv.) Pierre.[72] (as M. africana Oliv.)
Spondias pinnata (J.Koenig ex L.f.) Kurz (as M. pinnata J.Koenig ex L.f.)[69]

References

"Genus: Mangifera L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-11-23. Archived from the original on 2009-06-19. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
"Phanrangia — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
Kuhn, David N.; Dillon, Natalie; Bally, Ian; Groh, Amy; Rahaman, Jordon; Warschefsky, Emily; Freeman, Barbie; Innes, David; Chambers, Alan H. (June 2019). "Estimation of genetic diversity and relatedness in a mango germplasm collection using SNP markers and a simplified visual analysis method". Scientia Horticulturae. 252: 156–168. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.03.037. S2CID 132739368.
"Mangifera indica". Invasive Species Compendium. CABI. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
Litz, Richard E.; Miguel A. Gómez-Lim (2005). "Mangifera indica Mango". In Richard E. Litz (ed.). Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops. CABI. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-0-85199-662-2.
Litz, Richard E. (2009). The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses (2nd ed.). CABI. pp. 5–8. ISBN 978-1-84593-489-7.
Prakart Sawangchote; Paul J. Grote; David L. Dilcher (2009). "Tertiary leaf fossils of Mangifera (Anacardiaceae) from Li Basin, Thailand as examples of the utility of leaf marginal venation characters". American Journal of Botany. 96 (11): 2048–2061. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900086. PMID 21622324. Archived from the original on 2017-02-18.
Mehrota, R.C., D.L. Dilcher and N. Awasthi. 1998. "A Paleocene Mangifera-like leaf fossil from India". Phytomorphology 48(1):91-100.
Torres-León, Cristian; Rojas, Romeo; Serna, Liliana; Contreras, Juan; Aguilar, Cristobal (2016). "Mango seed: Functional and nutritional properties". Trends in Food Science & Technology. 55: 109–117. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2016.06.009.
Serna, Liliana; García-Gonzales, Estefanía; Torres-León, Cristian (2016). "Agro-industrial potential of the mango peel based on its nutritional and functional properties". Food Reviews International. 32 (4): 364–376. doi:10.1080/87559129.2015.1094815. S2CID 87396909.
"Mangifera acutigemma Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera altissima Blanco — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera amba Forssk. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera andamanica King — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera anisodora Blanco — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera applanata Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera austroindica Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera blommesteinii Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera bullata Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera caesia Jack — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera campnospermoides Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera camptosperma Pierre — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera casturi Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
Plants of the World Online (POWO): Mangifera cochinchinensis Engl. (retrieved 3 April 2020)
"Mangifera collina Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera decandra Ding Hou — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera dewildei Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
Plants of the World Online (POWO): Mangifera dongnaiensis Pierre (retrieved 3 April 2020)
Plants of the World Online (POWO): Mangifera flava Evrard (retrieved 3 April 2020)
Plants of the World Online (POWO): Mangifera foetida Lour. (retrieved 3 April 2020)
"Mangifera gedebi Miq. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera gracilipes Hook.f. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera griffithii Hook.f. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera indica L. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera austroyunnanensis Hu — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera kemanga Blume — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera lalijiwa Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera laurina Blume — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera lineariflia (Mukh.) Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera macrocarpa Blume — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera magnifica Kochummen — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera merrillii Mukherji — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
Plants of the World Online (POWO): Mangifera minutifolia Evrard (retrieved 3 April 2020)
"Mangifera monandra Merr. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera nicobarica Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera odorata Griff. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera orophila Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera pajang Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera paludosa Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera parvifolia Boerl. & Koord. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera pedicellata Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera pentandra Hook.f. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera persiciforma C.Y. Wu & T.L. Ming — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera hiemalis J.Y. Liang — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera pseudoindica Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera quadrifida Jack — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
Plants of the World Online (POWO): Mangifera reba Pierre (retrieved 3 April 2020)
"Mangifera rubropetala Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera siamensis Warb. ex W. G. Craib — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera similis Blume — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera sumbawaensis Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera superba Hook.f. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
Plants of the World Online (POWO): Mangifera swintonioides Kosterm. (retrieved 2 April 2020)
"Mangifera sylvatica Roxb. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera taipa Buch.-Ham. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera torquenda Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera transversalis Kosterm. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"GRIN Species Records of Mangifera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-02-04.
"Mangifera zeylanica Hook.f. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera axillaris Desr. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Mangifera africana Oliv. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.