Mammea africana

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Calophyllaceae
Tribus: Calophylleae
Genus: Mammea
Species: Mammea africana
Name

Mammea africana Sabine, 1824
References

Tranactions, of the Horticultural Society of London 5:457. 1824
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Mammea africana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.

Mammea africana is a medium to large sized tree within the family Calophyllaceae, it is also known as African mammee apple and its timber is traded under the trade name, Oboto. Mammea africana is found in evergreen and semi deciduous forests in West and Central Tropical Africa.[1]

Description

A medium to large sized tree that can grow up to 40 meters tall with a dark green crown of short spreading branches, it has a cylindrical and straight trunk, that can be up to 27 meters tall without branches. Leaves are simple, coriaceous and thick, the upper surface is glossy dark green while beneath is less shiny and glabrous, the petiole is 0.4–1.5 cm long; leaf-blade is elliptical to oblong in outline, 12–26 cm long and 4–10 cm wide.[2] Flower is axillary on leafy shoots and cauliflorous, with buds that are globular; pedicel is up to 4 cm long, petals are 4, white and caducous, up to 3 cm long.[2] Fruit is a thick drupe, warty, up to 10 cm long, pale yellow in color, it has a coriaceous exocarp, while the mesocarp is juicy and fibrous, yellowish in color, the seed in the endocarp can be up to 65.7mm (2.6 inches) long and 48.7mm (1.9 inches) in thickness. but its most remarkable characteristic is that these seeds have no cotyledons (seed leaves) [3] [2]
Distribution

Occurs in from Sierra Leone, eastwards to Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Chemistry

Test on stem bark extracts of Mammea africana identified the presence of coumarin derivatives many identified in Mammea americana, such as mammea A/AA, mammea B/BB and mammea A/AB, the compounds showed inhibitory effects on microbial activity but also indicated moderate cytotoxicity of a human cell line.[4]
Uses

Extracts of the species are used to treat fever, stomach pains and skin infections such as scabies.[5] Wood is used for local carpentry work, piling and joinery. The fruit is edible though fibrous, it is eaten by locals.[1]
References

Timbers. D. Louppe, A. A. Oteng-Amoako, M. Brink, Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Wageningen: PROTA Foundation. 2008. pp. 354–355. ISBN 978-90-5782-209-4. OCLC 299747129.
Voorhoeve, A. G. (1979). Liberian high forest trees : a systematic botanical study of the 75 most important or frequent high forest trees, with reference to numerous related species (2nd impr ed.). Wageningen: Pudoc. ISBN 90-220-0701-4. OCLC 63303450.
Yamoto, Takakazu; Maruhashi, Tamaki (December 1995). "Seed Dispersal by Elephants...etc". Biotropica. 27 (4): 528.
Canning, Corene; Sun, Shi; Ji, Xiangming; Gupta, Smiti; Zhou, Kequan (2013). "Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of isoprenylated coumarin mammea A/AA isolated from Mammea africana". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 147 (1): 259–262. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.026.
Ouahouo, B.M.W.; Azebaze, A.G.B.; Meyer, M.; Bodo, B.; Fomum, Z.T.; Nkengfack, A.E. (2004). "Cytotoxic and antimicrobial coumarins from Mammea africana". Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology. 98 (7): 733–739. doi:10.1179/000349804X3126. ISSN 0003-4983.