Linaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Linaceae
Subfamiliae: Linoideae – Hugonioideae
Genera: Anisadenia – Cliococca – Durandea – Hebepetalum – Hesperolinon – Hugonia – Indorouchera – Linum – Philbornea – Radiola – Reinwardtia – Roucheria – Sclerolinon – Tirpitzia
Name

Linaceae DC. ex Perleb, Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 107 (1818 [May 1818]) (as "Lineae"), nom. cons.

Type genus: Linum L.

Synonyms

Hugoniaceae Arn., R.Wight & C.A.W.Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.: 1: 71 (1834).

References
Primary references

De Candolle, A.P.; Perleb, K.J. (transl. & comment.) 1818. Versuch über die Arzneikräfte der Pflanzen verglichen mit den äusseren Formen und der natürlichen Klasseneintheilung derselben. 450 pp. Sauerländer, Aarau MDZ Reference page. (!107).

Additional references

McDill, J.R. 2009. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the Linaceae and Linum, with implications for their systematics and historical biogeography. 309 pp., The University of Texas at Austin Doctoral Dissertation. Abstract & PDF Open access Reference page.
McDill, J.R., Repplinger, M., Simpson, B.B. & Kadereit, J.W. 2009. The Phylogeny of Linum and Linaceae subfamily Linoideae, with Implications for Their Systematics, Biogeography, and Evolution of Heterostyly. Systematic Botany 34(2): 386–405. DOI: 10.1600/036364409788606244 BioOne ResearchGate Reference page.
McDill, J.R. & Simpson, B.B. 2011. Molecular phylogenetics of Linaceae with complete generic sampling and data from two plastid genes. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 165(1): 64–83. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01096.x Open access. Academia Open access. Reference page.
Van Hooren, A.M.N. & Nooteboom, H.P. 1984. Linaceae and Ctenolophonaceae especially of Malesia. Blumea-Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 29(2): 547-563. PDF Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Linaceae in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 June 22. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2020. Linaceae. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2020 June 22. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Linaceae. Published online. Accessed: June 22 2020.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2020. Linaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 June 2020.

Vernacular names
العربية: كتانية
azərbaycanca: Zəyrəkkimilər
беларуская: Лёнавыя
български: Ленови
català: Linàcies
čeština: Lnovité
dansk: Hør-familien
Deutsch: Leingewächse
English: Flax family
Esperanto: Linacoj
eesti: Linalised
فارسی: کتانیان
suomi: Pellavakasvit
français: Linacées
עברית: פשתיים
hrvatski: Lanovke
hornjoserbsce: Lenowe rostliny
magyar: Lenfélék
հայերեն: Կտավատազգիներ
日本語: アマ科
ქართული: სელისებრნი
қазақша: Зығыр тұқымдасы
한국어: 아마과
kurdî: Famîleya zegerekan
lietuvių: Lininiai
македонски: Ленови
മലയാളം: ലിനേസീ
Nederlands: Vlasfamilie
norsk: Linfamilien
polski: Lnowate
русский: Льновые
slovenčina: ľanovité
slovenščina: Lanovke
svenska: Linväxter
తెలుగు: లైనేసి
Türkçe: Ketengiller
українська: Льонові
Tiếng Việt: Họ Lanh
West-Vlams: Vlasachtign
中文（简体）: 亚麻科
中文（繁體）: 亞麻科

Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of the Linaceae are always simple; arrangement varies from alternate (most species) to opposite (in Sclerolinon and some Linum) or whorled (in some Hesperolinon and Linum species). The hermaphroditic, actinomorphic flowers are pentameric or, very rarely, tetrameric (e.g., Radiola linoides, Linum keniense).

In the Linoideae, the largest genus is Linum, the flaxes, with 180–200 species including the cultivated flax, Linum usitatissimum. Members of the Linoideae include herbaceous annuals and perennials, as well as woody subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees (Tirpitzia) inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes of Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. The largest genus of the Hugonioideae is Hugonia (about 40 species); the Hugonioideae are woody vines, shrubs, and trees, and are almost entirely tropical in distribution. In addition to their growth habits and geographic distributions, the Linoideae and Hugonioideae can be differentiated by the number of fertile stamens (five in the Linoideae, 10 in the Hugonioideae) and fruit type (capsules in the Linoideae, fleshy drupe-like fruits in the Hugonioideae).

Genera in subfamily Linoideae

Anisadenia Wall. ex Meisn. (2 sp.)
Hesperolinon (Gray) Small (13 sp.)
Linum L. (approximately 200 species)
Radiola Hill (1 sp.)
Reinwardtia Dumort. (1 sp.)
Sclerolinon C.M.Rogers (1 sp.)
Tirpitzia Hallier f. (3 sp.)

Former genera; Cliococca (synonym of Linum L.)[2]

Genera in subfamily Hugonioideae

Hebepetalum Benth. (3 sp.)
Hugonia l. (6 sp.)
Indorouchera Hallier f. (1 sp.)
Roucheria Planch. (7 sp.)

Former genera; Durandea (synonym of Hugonia L.,[3]) and Philbornea (synonym of Hugonia L.[4])

Under the old Cronquist system of classifying the flowering plants, the Linaceae were placed in their own order, the Linales. Modern classifications place them in the order Malpighiales.
References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. IKUJLKJKJH05–121.
"Cliococca Bab. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
"Durandea Planch. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
"Philbornea Hallier f. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 28 December 2021.