Lathyrus

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Faboideae
Tribus: Fabeae
Genus: Lathyrus
Sectio: L. sect. Aphaca – L. sect. Cicercula – L. sect. Clymenum – L. sect. Lathyrostylis – L. sect. Lathyrus – L. sect. Linearicarpus – L. sect. Neurolobus – L. sect. Nissolia – L. sect. Notolathyrus – L. sect. Orobus – L. sect. Viciopsis

Species:
a

L. acutifolius – L. alamutensis – L. alpestris – L. amphicarpos – L. angulatus – L. anhuiensis – L. annuus – L. apenninus – L. aphaca – L. arizonicus – L. armenus – L. articulatus – L. atropatanus – L. aureus
b

L. basalticus – L. bauhini – L. belinensis – L. berteroanus – L. biflorus – L. bijugus – L. binatus – L. bitlisicus – L. blepharicarpos – L. boissieri – L. brachycalyx – L. brachyodon – L. brachypterus
c

L. cabrerianus – L. campestris – L. cassius – L. caudatus – L. chloranthus – L. chrysanthus – L. cicera – L. ciliatidentatus – L. cilicicus – L. ciliolatus – L. cirpicii – L. cirrhosus – L. clymenum – L. colchicus – L. crassipes – L. cyaneus – L. czeczottianus
d

L. davidii – L. delnorticus – L. dielsianus – L. digitatus – L. dominianus
e

L. egirdiricus – L. elegans – L. elongatus – L. emodi – L. eucosmus
f

L. filiformis – L. fissus – L. frolovii – L. fulvus
g

L. glandulosus – L. gloeosperma – L. gmelinii – L. golanensis – L. gorgoni – L. graminifolius – L. grandiflorus – L. grimesii
h

L. hallersteinii – L. hasslerianus – L. heterophyllus – L. hierosolymitanus – L. hirsutus – L. hirticarpus – L. hitchcockianus – L. holochlorus – L. hookeri – L. humilis – L. hygrophilus
i

L. ibicuiensis – L. inconspicuus – L. incurvus
j

L. japonicus – L. jepsonii
k

L. karsianus – L. ketzkhovelii – L. komarovii – L. krylovii
l

L. laetivirens – L. laevigatus – L. lanszwertii – L. latidentatus – L. latifolius – L. laxiflorus – L. layardii – L. ledebourii – L. lentiformis – L. leptophyllus – L. leucanthus – L. libani – L. linearifolius – L. linifolius – L. littoralis – L. lomanus – L. lycicus
m

L. macropus – L. macrostachys – L. magellanicus – L. marmoratus – L. meridensis – L. miniatus – L. mulkak – L. multiceps – L. multijugus
n

L. nervosus – L. neurolobus – L. nevadensis – L. niger – L. nigrivalvis – L. nissolia – L. nitens – L. nivalis – L. numidicus
o

L. ochroleucus – L. ochrus – L. odoratus – L. oleraceus
p

L. pallescens – L. palustris – L. pancicii – L. pannonicus – L. paraguariensis – L. paranensis – L. parodii – L. pastorei – L. pauciflorus – L. phaselitanus – L. pisiformis – L. plitmannii – L. polymorphus – L. polyphyllus – L. pratensis – L. pseudocicera – L. pubescens – L. pusillus – L. pygmaeus
q

L. quinquenervius
r

L. rigidus – L. roseus – L. rotundifolius
s

L. satdaghensis – L. sativus – L. saxatilis – L. sericeus – L. setifolius – L. spathulatus – L. speciosus – L. sphaericus – L. splendens – L. stenolobus – L. stenophyllus – L. subandinus – L. subulatus – L. sulphureus – L. sylvestris
t

L. tauricola – L. tefennicus – L. tingitanus – L. torreyi – L. trachycarpus – L. transsylvanicus – L. tremolsianus – L. tropicalandinus – L. tuberosus – L. tukhtensis
u

L. undulatus
v

L. vaniotii – L. variabilis – L. venetus – L. venosus – L. vernus – L. vestitus – L. vinealis – L. vivantii
w

L. whitei – L. woronowii
z

L. zalaghensis
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Lathyrus in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Nov 25. Reference page.

Name

Lathyrus L. (1753), nom. cons. des.

Type species: L. sylvestris L.

Synonyms

Anurus C.Presl
Aphaca Mill.
Astrophia Nutt.
Athyrus Neck.
Cicercula Medik.
Clymenum Mill.
Graphiosa Alef.
Konxikas Raf.
Lastila Alef.
Lathyroides Heist. ex Fabr.
Lathyros St.-Lag.
Menkenia Bubani
Navidura Alef.
Nissolia Mill.
Ochrus Mill.
Orobus L.
Oxypogon Raf.
Pisum L.
Platystylis Sweet
Spatulima Raf.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Cosmopolita
Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Algeria, Altay, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Canary Is., Central European Russia, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, Florida, France, Føroyar, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Louisiana, Madeira, Magadan, Maine, Malawi, Manchuria, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Nunavut, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Sicilia, Sinai, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Yukon, Zaïre
Introduced into:
Amsterdam-St.Paul Is, Andaman Is., Angola, Cayman Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Fiji, Galápagos, Guatemala, Haiti, Hawaii, Jawa, Mauritius, Mozambique, New Guinea, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Norfolk Is., Puerto Rico, Queensland, South Australia, South Georgia, Sri Lanka, Tasmania, Trinidad-Tobago, Victoria, Vietnam, Western Australia, Windward Is., Zimbabwe

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus II. Pp. 561–1200, [1–30, index], [1, err.]. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page. : 729

Additional references

Farr, E. R. & Zijlstra, G. eds. (1996-) Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). 2009 Oct 01 [1].

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Lathyrus in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Nov 25. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Lathyrus. Published online. Accessed: Nov 25 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Lathyrus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 25 Nov 2020.
Catalogue of Life: 2021 Annual Checklist

Vernacular names
العربية: جلبان
azərbaycanca: Gülülcə
башҡортса: Сырмалсыҡ
беларуская: Чына, расліна
български: Секирче
català: Pèsol silvestre
čeština: hrachor
чӑвашла: Тăрна пăрçи
dansk: Fladbælg
Deutsch: Platterbsen
English: Sweet peas, Vetchlings
Esperanto: Latiro
eesti: Seahernes
فارسی: خلر
suomi: Nätkelmät
français: Lathyrus
עברית: טופח
hornjoserbsce: Hróšik
magyar: Lednek
հայերեն: Տափոլոռ
italiano: Lathyrus
日本語: レンリソウ属
ქართული: ცულისპირა
қазақша: Әйкен
lietuvių: Pelėžirnis
norsk nynorsk: Erteknappslekta
norsk: Erteknappslekta
Diné bizaad: Naaʼołí yiltʼąąʼí
occitan: Gèissa
polski: groszek
русский: Чина
slovenčina: hrachor
svenska: Vialsläktet
తెలుగు: లాథిరస్
Türkçe: Mürdümük, Külür
українська: Чина
Tiếng Việt: Chi Đậu hoa
中文: 香豌豆属

Lathyrus /ˈlæθɪrəs/[2] is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as peavines or vetchlings,[1] they are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.[3] There are annual and perennial species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including Orobus, which was once a separate genus.[4]

Uses

Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) and the perennial everlasting pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Flowers on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to fungal infections including downy and powdery mildew.

Other species are grown for food, including the Indian pea (L. sativus) and the red pea (L. cicera), and less commonly cyprus-vetch (L. ochrus) and Spanish vetchling (L. clymenum). The tuberous pea (L. tuberosus) is grown as a root vegetable for its starchy edible tuber. The seeds of some Lathyrus species contain the toxic amino acid oxalyldiaminopropionic acid and if eaten in large quantities can cause lathyrism, a serious disease.[5]
Diversity
Harvest of Lathyrus aphaca crop
Lathyrus aureus
Lathyrus clymenum
Lathyrus davidii
Lathyrus latifolius 'Pink Pearl'
Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. nevadensis
Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea mixture

Species include:[6]

Lathyrus alpestris
Lathyrus angulatus – angled pea
Lathyrus annuus – red fodder pea
Lathyrus aphaca – yellow pea
Lathyrus aureus – golden pea
Lathyrus basalticus
Lathyrus bauhinii
Lathyrus belinensis
Lathyrus biflorus – twoflower pea
Lathyrus bijugatus – drypark pea
Lathyrus blepharicarpus – ciliate vetchling
Lathyrus boissieri
Lathyrus brachycalyx – Bonneville pea
Lathyrus cassius
Lathyrus chloranthus
Lathyrus cicera – red pea
Lathyrus ciliolatus
Lathyrus cirrhosus
Lathyrus clymenum – Spanish vetchling
Lathyrus crassipes – arvejilla
Lathyrus cyaneus
Lathyrus davidii
Lathyrus decaphyllus – prairie vetchling
Lathyrus delnorticus – Del Norte pea
Lathyrus digitatus
Lathyrus eucosmus – seemly vetchling, bush vetchling
Lathyrus filiformis
Lathyrus gloeospermus
Lathyrus gorgoni
Lathyrus graminifolius – grassleaf pea
Lathyrus grandiflorus – twoflower everlasting pea
Lathyrus grimesii – Grimes' pea
Lathyrus heterophyllus – Norfolk everlasting pea
Lathyrus hirsutus – hairy vetchling
Lathyrus hitchcockianus – Bullfrog Mountain pea
Lathyrus holochlorus – thinleaf pea
Lathyrus hygrophilus
Lathyrus inconspicuus
Lathyrus incurvus
Lathyrus japonicus – sea pea, beach pea
Lathyrus jepsonii – delta tule pea
Lathyrus laetivirens – aspen pea
Lathyrus laevigatus
Lathyrus lanszwertii – Nevada pea
Lathyrus latifolius – everlasting pea, perennial pea
Lathyrus laxiflorus
Lathyrus libani – Lebanon vetchling
Lathyrus linifolius – bitter vetch, heath pea
Lathyrus littoralis – silky beach pea
Lathyrus macropus
Lathyrus magellanicus
Lathyrus nervosus – Lord Anson's blue pea
Lathyrus nevadensis – Sierra pea
Lathyrus niger – black pea
Lathyrus nissolia – grass vetchling
Lathyrus nudicaulis
Lathyrus ochroleucus – cream pea
Lathyrus ochrus – Cyprus-vetch
Lathyrus odoratus – sweet pea
Lathyrus palustris – marsh pea
Lathyrus pannonicus
Lathyrus pauciflorus – fewflower pea
Lathyrus pisiformis
Lathyrus polyphyllus – leafy pea
Lathyrus pratensis – meadow vetchling
Lathyrus pseudocicera
Lathyrus pubescens
Lathyrus pusillus – tiny pea, singletary vetchling
Lathyrus quinquenervius
Lathyrus rigidus – stiff pea
Lathyrus roseus
Lathyrus sativus – Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch
Lathyrus sphaericus – grass pea
Lathyrus splendens – pride of California
Lathyrus sulphureus – snub pea
Lathyrus sylvestris – flat pea
Lathyrus szowitsii
Lathyrus tingitanus – Tangier pea
Lathyrus torreyi – Torrey's peavine
Lathyrus tuberosus – tuberous pea
Lathyrus undulatus – wavy pea
Lathyrus vaniotii – Korean mountain vetchling[7]
Lathyrus venetus
Lathyrus venosus – veiny pea, bushy vetchling
Lathyrus vernus – spring pea
Lathyrus vestitus – Pacific pea
Lathyrus vinealis
Lathyrus whitei

Ecology

Lathyrus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the grey chi (Antitype chi) and the latticed heath (Chiasmia clathrata), both recorded on meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), and Chionodes braunella.
Notes

"genus Lathyrus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
Asmussen, C. B; A. Liston. (March 1998). "Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of Lathyrus (Fabaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 85 (3): 387–401. doi:10.2307/2446332. JSTOR 2446332. PMID 21684923.
Fred, Edwin Broun; Baldwin, Ira Lawrence; McCoy, Elizabeth (1932). Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants. UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-893311-28-2.
Barrow, M. V.; et al. (1974). "Lathyrism: A Review". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 49 (2): 101–128. doi:10.1086/408017. JSTOR 2820941. PMID 4601279. S2CID 33451792.
GRIN Species Records of Lathyrus. Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 511. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.