Krameria

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Zygophyllales

Familia: Krameriaceae
Genus: Krameria
Species: K. argentea – K. bahiana – K. bicolor – K. cistoidea – K. cytisoides – K. erecta – K. grandiflora – K. ixine – K. lanceolata – K. lappacea – K. pauciflora – K. paucifolia – K. ramosissima – K. revoluta – K. secundiflora – K. spartioides – K. tomentosa
Name

Krameria Loefl., Iter Hispan. 195. (1758)

Type species: Krameria ixina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 177. (1762)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Crameria L. ortho. var.
Dimenops Raf.
Ixina Raf.
Kramera Cothen ortho. var.
Landia Dombey
Stemeiena Raf.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
References
Primary references

Löfling, P. 1758. Iter Hispanicum; eller, Resa til spanska länderna uti Europa och America förrättad ifrån år 1751 til år 1756. Utgifven af Carl Linnæus. Stockholm Biblioteca Digital Reference page. : 195–196, 176, 231.

Additional references

WCVP . Krameria in World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP), version 2.0. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022-03-13 . Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Krameria in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 June 4. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Krameria. Published online. Accessed: June 4 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Krameria. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 4 June 2021.
Tropicos.org: Vascular Plants of the Americas: Krameria. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 2021 June 4.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Krameria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Крамерия
čeština: Kramerie
English: Ratany
فارسی: العربية
suomi: Rataniat
עברית: רתניה
hrvatski: Kramerija
한국어: 크라메리아속
lietuvių: Ratanija
português: Krameriaceae
русский: Крамерия
Tiếng Việt: Krameriaceae
中文: 刺球果属

Krameria is the only genus in the Krameriaceae family, of which any of the approximately 18 species[3] are commonly known as rhatany, ratany or rattany. Rhatany is also the name given to krameria root, a botanical remedy consisting of the dried root of para rhatany (Krameria argentea) or Peruvian rhatany (Krameria lappacea).

The biological action of rhatany is caused by the astringent rhataniatannic acid, which is similar to tannic acid.[4] Infusions have been used as a gargle, a lozenge, especially when mixed with cocaine,[4] as a local hemostatic[4] and remedy for diarrhea. When finely powdered, the dried roots furnished a frequent constituent of tooth powders. The powdered roots have also served, especially in Portugal, to color wines ruby red. The root bark contains an almost insoluble free red substance called ratanhia red.

Krameria are found across the Americas, with most native to the tropical regions. They are perennial shrubs which act as root parasites on other plants. The flowers have glands called elaiophores which produce a lipid which is collected by bees of the genus Centris as they pollinate the flowers.
Selected species

Krameria argentea Mart. ex Spreng. – para rhatany
Krameria bicolor S.Watson (=K. grayi) – white rhatany
Krameria cistoidea
Krameria erecta Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. – Pima rhatany, purple heather, littleleaf rhatany
Krameria ixine L. – abrojo Colorado
Krameria lanceolata Torr. – trailing krameria
Krameria lappacea (Dombey) Burdet & B.B.Simpson (=K. triandra, K. iluca) – Peruvian rhatany
Krameria ramosissima (A.Gray) S.Watson – manystem rhatany[5][6]

References

"Genus: Krameria L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2005-01-31. Archived from the original on 2012-10-10. Retrieved 2011-01-28.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rhatany" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 231.
"Krameria". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-01-28.

"GRIN Species Records of Krameria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-01-28.

Simpson, B. B. (1982). Krameria (Krameriaceae) flowers: Orientation and elaiophore morphology. Taxon 31:3 517–528
Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Rattany" . Encyclopedia Americana.