Juncus

Cladus: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Magnoliophyta
Classis: Liliopsida
Subclassis: Commelinidae
Ordo: Poales
Familia: Juncaceae
Genus: Juncus
Species: J. abortivus - J. acuminatus - J. acutiflorus - J. acutus - J. alatus - J. albescens - J. alpinoarticulatus - J. alpinus - J. ambiguus - J. anceps - J. arcticus - J. articulatus - J. balticus - J. biflorus - J. biglumis - J. bolanderi - J. brachycarpus - J. brachycephalus - J. brachyphyllus - J. brevicaudatus - J. breweri - J. bryoides - J. bufonius - J. bulbosus - J. caesariensis - J. canadensis - J. capillaris - J. capitatus - J. castaneus - J. chlorocephalus - J. compressus - J. confusus - J. conglomeratus - J. cooperi - J. coriaceus - J. covillei - J. cyperoides - J. debilis - J. dichotomus - J. diffusissimus - J. drummondii - J. dubius - J. dudleyi - J. duranii - J. effusus - J. elliottii - J. ellmanii - J. emmanuelis - J. ensifolius - J. falcatus - J. filiformis - J. filipendulus - J. foliosus - J. fontanesii - J. fulviscens - J. georgianus - J. gerardii - J. glomeratus - J. greenei - J. grisebachii - J. hallii - J. heterophyllus - J. holoschoenus - J. hybridus - J. imbricatus - J. inflexus - J. littoralis - J. longistylis - J. maritimus - J. mertensianus - J. militaris - J. minutulus - J. nevadensis - J. nodosus - J. oxymeris - J. parryi - J. patens - J. pelocarpus - J. phaeocephalus - J. planifolius - J. polyanthemos - J. polycephalus - J. prismatocarpus - J. prominens - J. pygmaeus - J. pyrenaeus - J. regelii - J. repens - J. rigidus - J. roemerianus - J. rugulosis - J. salsuginosus - J. saximontanus - J. scirpoides - J. secundus - J. sorrentini - J. sphaerocarpus - J. squarrosus - J. striatus - J. stygius - J. subcaudatus - J. subnodulosus - J. subtilis - J. subulatus - J. supiniformis - J. tenageia - J. tenuis - J. tingitanus - J. torreyi - J. tracyi - J. trifidus - J. triformis - J. triglumis - J. trigonocarpus - J. tweedyi - J. uncialis - J. validus - J. valvatus - J. vaseyi - J. xiphioides

Name

Juncus L.

References

Flora de la Península ibérica e Islas Baleares.ANTHOS [1]

Juncus is a genus in the plant family Juncaceae. It consists of some 200[1] to 300 or more[2] species of grassy plants commonly called rushes. They occur in all sorts of wetlands regions all over the world, but more rarely in the tropics.

Characteristics

Juncus rushes are characterized by their nude leaves, which are either thin and more or less flattened or round and containing spongy pith. They grow as tussocks or more isolated stalks, bearing inflorescences near the tip. Many species are exceptionally hardy and some are considered weeds in gardening; a few are invasive weeds of significance. On the other hand, there is some use of rushes as ornamental plants, e.g. at garden ponds; more generally their tolerance of extreme environmental conditions (except drought) means that some species or another is likely suitable for ornamental purposes even where few other plants grow. Additionally, Juncus species are used as food plants by the larvae of certain Lepidoptera species.
See also: List of Lepidoptera that feed on Juncus and list of Lepidoptera that feed on Juncus

Historically and in some regions still today, there is artisanal use of the leaves. Probably most widely known is the Soft Rush (Juncus effusus), called igusa in Japanese and used to weave the soft surface cover of tatami mats.
Selected species

Species of Juncus include:[3]

Juncus abortivus Chapman – Annual Rush
Juncus acuminatus – Tapertip Rush, Tufted Rush, Sharp-fruited Rush
Juncus acutiflorus – Sharp-flowered Rush
Juncus acutus – Sharp Rush, Spiny Rush, Sharp-pointed Rush
Juncus albescens (Lange) Fernald – Northern White Rush
Juncus ×alpiniformis
Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix – Northern Green Rush, Alpine Rush
Juncus ambiguus Guss. – Seaside Rush, Doubtful Toad-rush
Juncus anthelatus (Wiegand) R.E.Brooks – Greater Poverty Rush
Juncus arcticus Willd. – Arctic Rush, Wire Rush (may include J. balticus and/or J. mexicanus)
Juncus articulatus – Jointleaf Rush, "jointed rush"
Juncus balticus – Baltic Rush (may belong in J. arcticus)
Juncus biflorus Ell. – Bog Rush
Juncus biglumis L. – Two-flowered Rush
Juncus bolanderi – Bolander's Rush
Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. – Whiteroot Rush
Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. – Small-headed Rush
Juncus brachyphyllus Wieg. – Tuftedstem Rush
Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. – Narrow-panicle Rush, Short-tailed Rush
Juncus breweri – Brewer's Rush
Juncus bryoides – Moss Rush, Mosslike Dwarf Rush
Juncus bufonius – Toad Rush
Juncus bulbosus L. – Bulbous Rush
Juncus caesariensis Coville – New Jersey Rush
Juncus canadensis J.Gay ex Laharpe – Canadian Rush
Juncus capillaris F.J.Herm. – Hairystem Dwarf Rush
Juncus capitatus – Leafybract Dwarf Rush
Juncus castaneus Sm. – Chestnut Rush
Juncus chlorocephalus Engelm. – Greenhead Rush
Juncus compressus Jacq. – Round-fruited Rush
Juncus confusus – Colorado Rush
Juncus conglomeratus – Compact Rush
Juncus cooperi – Cooper's Rush
Juncus coriaceus Mackenzie – Leathery Rush
Juncus covillei – Coville's Rush
Juncus cyperoides Laharpe – Forbestown Rush
Juncus debilis Gray – Weak Rush
Juncus dichotomus Ell. – Forked Rush
Juncus digitatus – Finger Rush
Juncus diffusissimus Buckl. – Slimpod Rush
Juncus drummondii – Drummond's Rush
Juncus dubius Engelm. – Dubious Rush, Questionable Rush
Juncus dudleyi Wieg. – Dudley's Rush
Juncus duranii – Duran's Rush
Juncus effusus – Common Rush, Soft Rush (may include J. pylaei)
Juncus elliottii Chapman – Elliott's Rush
Juncus ensifolius – Swordleaf Rush
Juncus falcatus E.Mey. – Falcate Rush
Juncus filiformis L. – Thread Rush
Juncus filipendulus Buckl. – Ringseed Rush
Juncus georgianus Coville – Georgia Rush
Juncus gerardii – Saltmarsh Rush, Blackneedle Rush, Blackgrass
Juncus glomeratus Batson – Clustered Rush
Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuckerman – Greene's Rush
Juncus gymnocarpus Coville – Pennsylvania Rush
Juncus haenkei E.Mey. – Haenke's Rush
Juncus hallii Engelm. – Hall's Rush
Juncus hemiendytus – Herman's Dwarf Rush
Juncus howellii – Howell's Rush
Juncus inflexus L. – Hard Rush, European Meadow Rush
Juncus interior – Inland Rush, "soft rush"
Juncus jacquinii L. – Jacquin's Rush
Juncus kelloggii – Kellogg's Dwarf Rush
Juncus kraussii – Jointed Rush
Juncus leiospermus – Red Bluff Dwarf Rush
Juncus lesueurii – Lesueur's Rush, Salt Rush
Juncus longii Fern. – Long's Rush
Juncus longistylis – Longstyle Rush
Juncus luciensis Ertter – Santa Lucia Dwarf Rush
Juncus macrandrus Coville – Longanther Rush
Juncus macrophyllus – Longleaf Rush
Juncus marginatus Rostk. – Grassleaf Rush
Juncus maritimus – Sea Rush
Juncus megacephalus M.A.Curtis – Bighead Rush
Juncus mertensianus – Mertens' Rush
Juncus mexicanus – Mexican Rush (may belong in J. arcticus or J. balticus)
Juncus militaris Bigel. – Bayonet Rush
Juncus monanthos Jacq. (may belong in J. trifidus)
Juncus nevadensis – Sierra Rush
Juncus nodatus Coville – Stout Rush
Juncus nodosus – Knotted Rush
Juncus occidentalis – Western Rush
Juncus orthophyllus – Straightleaf Rush
Juncus oxymeris Engelm. – Pointed Rush
Juncus parryi – Parry's Rush
Juncus patens – Spreading Rush
Juncus pelocarpus E.Mey. – Brownfruit Rush, Mud Rush
Juncus pervetus Fernald – Barnstable Rush (possibly extinct)
Juncus phaeocephalus Engelm. – Brownhead Rush
Juncus planifolius R.Br. – Broadleaf Rush
Juncus polyanthemos Buch. – Manyflower Rush
Juncus polycephalus Michx. – Manyhead Rush
Juncus punctorius L.f. – Prickly Rush
Juncus pylaei Laharpe – Pylaeie's Rush[verification needed] (sometimes in J. effusus)
Juncus ranarius Songeon & E.P.Perrier – Frog Rush
Juncus regelii – Regel's Rush
Juncus repens Michx. – Lesser Creeping Rush
Juncus roemerianus Scheele – Needlegrass Rush
Juncus rugulosus – Wrinkled Rush
Juncus saximontanus – Rocky Mountain Rush
Juncus scheuchzerioides – Short Rush, Greater Rush
Juncus scirpoides Lam. – Needlepod Rush
Juncus secundus Beauv. ex Poir. – Lopsided Rush
Juncus squarrosus L. – Heath Rush, Mosquito Rush
Juncus stygius L. – Moor Rush
Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Coville & Blake – Woodland Rush
Juncus subnodulosus – Blunt-flowered Rush
Juncus subtilis E.Mey. – Greater Creeping Rush
Juncus supiniformis Engelm. – Hairyleaf Rush
Juncus tenageia Ehrh. ex L.f. – Sand Rush
Juncus tenuis – Slender Rush, Path Rush, Field Rush, Slender Yard Rush, "wiregrass"
Juncus texanus (Engelm.) Coville – Texas Rush
Juncus textilis – Basket Rush
Juncus tiehmii – Nevada Rush
Juncus torreyi – Torrey's Rush
Juncus tracyi Rydb. – Tracy's Rush
Juncus trifidus L. – Highland Rush (may include J. monanthos)
Juncus triformis – Yosemite Dwarf Rush, Long-styled Dwarf Rush
Juncus triglumis L. – Three-hulled Rush
Juncus trigonocarpus Steud. – Redpod Rush
Juncus tweedyi Rydb. – Tweedy's Rush
Juncus uncialis – Twelfth Rush, Inch-high Rush
Juncus validus Coville – Roundhead Rush
Juncus vaseyi Engelm. – Vasey's Rush
Juncus xiphioides – Irisleaf Rush

Footnotes

^ Swab (1993)
^ Brooks & Clemants (2000)
^ USDA [2011]

References

Brooks, Ralph E. & Clemants, Steven E. (2000): 1. Juncus. In: Flora of North America North of Mexico Vol. 22 (Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195137299 HTML fulltext
Swab, Janice Coffey (1993): Juncaceae - Rush Family. In: The Jepson Manual. University of California. HTML fulltext
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2011]: PLANTS Database – Juncus L.. Retrieved 2011-APR-18.as garden common name use only