Inula

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Inuleae
Subtribus: Inulinae
Genus: Inula

Species: I. acaulis – I. acuminata – I. anatolica – I. angustifolia – I. arbuscula – I. aucheriana – I. barbata – I. candida – I. ciliaris – I. clarkei – I. cuanzensis – I. decurrens – I. discoidea – I. eminii – I. engleriana – I. fragilis – I. gimbundensis – I. glareosa – I. glauca – I. glomerata – I. gombczewskyi – I. gossweileri – I. grandiflora – I. grandis – I. haussmannii – I. helenium – I. helianthus-aquatilis – I. hendersoniae – I. hissarica – I. hookeri – I. huillensis – I. hupehensis – I. hybrida – I. inuloides – I. japonica – I. kalapani – I. klingii – I. koelzii – I. limosa – I. linariifolia – I. macrocephala – I. macrolepis – I. magnifica – I. mannii – I. mildbraedii – I. montbretiana – I. multicaulis – I. obtusifolia – I. oligocephala – I. paludosa – I. peacockiana – I. perrieri – I. persica – I. poggeana – I. racemosa – I. rajamandii – I. rhizocephala – I. rhizocephaliformis – I. rhizocephaloides – I. robynsii – I. royleana – I. salsoloides – I. sarana – I. schischkinii – I. schmalhausenii – I. sechmenii – I. sericeo-villosa – I. sericophylla – I. serratuloides – I. speciosa – I. stenocalathia – I. stewartii – I. stolzii – I. suaveolens – I. subfloccosa – I. taiwanensis – I. thapsoides – I. tuzgoluensis – I. urumoffii – I. vernonioides – I. viscidula – I. welwitschii
Nothospecies: I. × mucheri – I. x stricta
Name

Inula L., Sp. Pl. 2: 881. (1753)

Type species: Inula helenium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 881 (1753).

Synonyms

Homotypic
Corvisartia Mérat, Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 328 (1812).
Codonocephalum Fenzl
Enula Boehmer in Ludw., Def. Gen. ed. 3. 184 (1760), orth. var.
Helenium Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754), nom. illeg. non L. (1753)

References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 881. Reference page.

Additional references

Rechinger, K. 1980. Inula. Pp. 77–96 in Rechinger, K.H., Compositae IV - Inuleae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) Flora Iranica. Vol. 145. 135 pp., Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt Graz. Reference page.
Abid, R. & Qaiser, M. 2002. Genus Inula L. (s. str.) (Compositae-Inuleae) in Pakistan and Kashmir. Candollea 56(2): 315–326. PDF Reference page.
Gutiérrez-Larruscain, D., Santos-Vicente, M., Anderberg, A.A., Rico, E. & Martínez Ortega, M.M. 2018. Phylogeny of the Inula group (Asteraceae: Inuleae): Evidence from nuclear and plastid genomes and a recircumscription of Pentanema. Taxon 67(1): 149–164. DOI: 10.12705/671.9 Open access Reference page.
Gutiérrez-Larruscain, D., Martínez Ortega, M.M., Rico, E. & Andrés-Sánchez, S. 2019. Typification of 25 names in Inula (Inuleae, Asteraceae), and a new combination in Pentanema. Phytotaxa 395(1): 17-26. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.395.1.2 Paywall Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Inula in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Dec. 1. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2020. Inula. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Dec. 1. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Inula. Published online. Accessed: Dec. 6 2020.
Tropicos.org 2018. Inula. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Feb. 2018.
IUCN link: Inula threatened species
Inula – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

Vernacular names
العربية: طيون
беларуская: Дзівасіл
български: девесил
català: Ínula
čeština: oman
чӑвашла: Анăс
dansk: Alant
Deutsch: Alante
eesti: Vaak
suomi: Hirvenjuuret
français: Inule
magyar: peremizs
հայերեն: կղմուխ
italiano: Inula, enula
日本語: オグルマ属
ქართული: მზიურა
қазақша: Андыз
lietuvių: Debesylas
norsk bokmål: Alantslekta
Nederlands: Alant
ирон: Тоблахъ
polski: Oman
русский: Девясил
slovenčina: oman
svenska: Krisslesläktet
Türkçe: Andız otu
oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча: Andiz
中文: 旋覆花属

Inula is a genus of about 80 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa.

They may be annuals, herbaceous perennials or subshrubs that vary greatly in size, from small species a few centimeters tall to enormous perennials over 3 m (10 ft) tall. They carry yellow daisy-like composite flowerheads often with narrow ray-florets.

Some common characteristics include pappus with bristles, flat capitulum, and lack of chaff.

Several species are popular flowers for the garden, with cultivation going back to antiquity. The smaller species are used in rock gardens and the more common larger ones, which tend to have very coarse foliage, in borders.

Etymology

The genus name Inula is of uncertain origin, and was already in use by the Romans. The Latin phrase inula campana (field inula) gave rise to the English elecampane whose scientific name is Inula helenium. The plant's specific name, helenium, derives from Helen of Troy; elecampane is said to have sprung up from where her tears fell.[3]
Species

THe following species are recognised in the genus Inula:[4]

Inula acaulis Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss. – stemless inula
Inula acuminata DC.
Inula anatolica Boiss.
Inula angustifolia DC.
Inula arbuscula Delile
Inula aucheriana DC.
Inula barbata Wall. ex DC.
Inula candida (L.) Cass.
Inula ciliaris Matsum.
Inula clarkei (Hook.f.) R.R.Stewart
Inula cuanzensis Hiern
Inula decurrens Popov
Inula discoidea Boiss.
Inula eminii (O.Hoffm.) O.Hoffm.
Inula engleriana O.Hoffm.
Inula fragilis Boiss. & Hausskn.
Inula gimbundensis S.Moore
Inula glareosa E.M.Antipova
Inula glauca C.Winkl.
Inula glomerata C.Winkl.
Inula gombczewskyi E.M.Antipova
Inula gossweileri S.Moore
Inula grandiflora Willd.
Inula grandis Schrenk ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
Inula helenium L. – elecampane
Inula helianthus-aquatica C.Y.Wu ex Y.Ling
Inula hendersoniae S.Moore
Inula hissarica R.Nabiev
Inula hookeri C.B.Clarke
Inula huillensis Hiern
Inula hupehensis (Y.Ling) Y.Ling
Inula inuloides (Fenzl) Grierson
Inula japonica Thunb.
Inula kalapani C.B.Clarke
Inula klingii O.Hoffm.
Inula koelzii R.Dawar & Qaiser
Inula limosa O.Hoffm.
Inula linariifolia Turcz.
Inula macrocephala Boiss. & Kotschy
Inula macrolepis Bunge
Inula magnifica Lipsky
Inula mannii (Hook.f.) Oliv. & Hiern
Inula mildbraedii Muschl.
Inula montbretiana DC.
Inula multicaulis Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Inula obtusifolia A.Kern.
Inula oligocephala S.Moore
Inula paludosa O.Hoffm.
Inula peacockiana (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Korovin
Inula perrieri (Humbert) Mattf.
Inula persica F.Ghahrem. & Narimisa
Inula poggeana O.Hoffm.
Inula racemosa Hook.f.
Inula rajamandii Narimisa & F.Ghahrem.
Inula rhizocephala Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Inula rhizocephaliformis Kamelin & Turak.
Inula robynsii De Wild.
Inula royleana DC.
Inula salsoloides (Turcz.) Ostenf.
Inula sarana Boiss.
Inula schischkinii Gorschk.
Inula schmalhausenii C.Winkl.
Inula sechmenii Hartvig & Strid
Inula sericeo-villosa Rech.f.
Inula sericophylla Franch.
Inula serratuloides (Gilli) Grierson
Inula speciosa O.Hoffm.
Inula stenocalathia (Rech.f.) Soldano
Inula stewartii Abid & Qaiser
Inula stolzii Mattf.
Inula × stricta Tausch
Inula subfloccosa Rech.f.
Inula taiwanensis S.S.Ying
Inula thapsoides (Spreng.) Spreng.
Inula tuzgoluensis M.Öztürk & Ö.Çetin
Inula urumoffii Degen
Inula vernonioides O.Hoffm.
Inula viscidula Boiss. & Kotschy
Inula welwitschii O.Hoffm.

Select species formerly in Inula

Inula auriculata Boiss. & Balansa => Pentanema auriculatum (Boiss. & Balansa) D.Gut.Larr. et al.
Inula britannica L. => Pentanema britannica (L.) D.Gut.Larr.et al. – British yellowhead
Inula conyzae (Griess.) Meikle => Pentanema squarrosum (L.) D.Gut.Larr.et al. – ploughman's-spikenard
Inula crithmoides L. => Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort. – golden samphire
Inula dysenterica L. => Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh.
Inula graminifolia Michx. => Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt.
Inula graveolens (L.) Desf. => Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter – stinkwort, stinkweed
Inula hirta L. => Pentanema hirtum (L.) D.Gut.Larr. et al.
Inula indica L. => Pentanema indicum (L.) Y.Ling
Inula mariana L. => Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Elliott
Inula orientalis Lam. => Pentanema orientale (Lam.) D.Gut.Larr.et al.
Inula primulifolia Lam. => Conyza primulifolia (Lam.) Cuatrec. & Lourteig
Inula salicina L. => Pentanema salicinum (L.) D.Gut.Larr.et al. – Irish fleabane, willowleaf yellowhead
Inula spiraeifolia L. => Pentanema spiraeifolium (L.) D.Gut.Larr.et al.
Inula subaxillaris Lam. => Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britton & Rusby
Inula viscosa => Dittrichia viscosa – false yellowhead, sticky fleabane, woody fleabane

Ecology

Inula species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including case-bearers of the genus Coleophora, such as C. conyzae (recorded on I. conyzae), C. follicularis, C. inulae, and C. troglodytella.

References

1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
"Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist". Archived from the original on 2014-12-09. Retrieved 2014-12-09.
Melderis, A. (2007). A Handbook of British Flowering Plants. READ BOOKS. p. 271. ISBN 1-4067-6632-1. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
"Inula L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2022-07-03.