Heliopsis helianthoides

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Zinniinae
Genus: Heliopsis
Species: Heliopsis helianthoides
Varietas: H. h. var. scabra
Name

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 487. 1826.
Synonyms

Buphthalmum helianthoides L.
Helepta angustifolia Rafin.
Helepta grandiflora Rafin.
Helepta parviflora Rafin.
Helianthus laevis L.
Heliopsis helianthodes (L.) Kuntze
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Britt., Stern & Pogg.
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sw.
Heliopsis helianthoides var. solidaginoides (L.) Fern.
Heliopsis laevis (L.) Pers.
Heliopsis oppositifolia (L.) Druce
Rudbeckia oppositifolia L.
Silphium helianthoides L.
Silphium solidaginoides L.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Canada (Ontario), USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Sweet, Hortus Britannicus 2: 487. 1826.

Links

International Plant Names Index. 2018. Heliopsis helianthoides. Published online. Accessed: Feb. 13 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Heliopsis helianthoides in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 13.
Tropicos.org 2018. Heliopsis helianthoides. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 13.
Hassler, M. 2018. Heliopsis helianthoides. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 13. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Heliopsis helianthoides in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.
Heliopsis

Vernacular names
English: False sunflower
suomi: Isopäivänsilmä, päivänsilmä

Heliopsis helianthoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names rough oxeye,[2] smooth oxeye[3] and false sunflower.[4] It is native to eastern and central North America from Saskatchewan east to Newfoundland and south as far as Texas, New Mexico, and Georgia.[5][6][7]

Heliopsis helianthoides is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial growing 40–150 cm (16–59 in) tall. The toothed leaf blades are oval to triangular or lance-shaped and may be smooth or hairy or rough in texture. The flowers are produced from midsummer to early autumn (fall).[8] The inflorescence contains one to many composite flowerheads. Each head contains yellow ray florets which are generally 2–4 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄2 in) long. The rays are fertile, having a small forked pistil at the base; this distinguishes them from true sunflowers.[9] At the center are many yellow to brownish disc florets. The fruit is an achene about 5 mm (0.20 in) long.[5]

In the wild, H. helianthoides may be found in wooded areas and tallgrass prairie, and sometimes along roadsides.[4]

It is a popular garden plant for moist, fertile soil in full sun. Plants grow stiff and tall, so may require staking. Several cultivars are available with flowers of varying colors and shades. These include 'Summer Sun', 'Golden Plume', and 'Prairie Sunset'.[6] The following cultivars of H. helianthoides var. scabra ("rough")[10] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[11]

'Benzinggold'[12]
'Light of Loddon'[13]
'Loraine Sunshine'='Helhan' [14]
'Sonnenglut' [15]
'Spitzentänzerin'[16]
'Waterperry Gold'[17]

References

"Heliopsis helianthoides". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) – via The Plant List.
BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Heliopsis helianthoides". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
Heliopsis helianthoides. USDA NRCS Plant Guide.
Smith, Alan R. (2006). "Heliopsis helianthoides". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 21. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Heliopsis helianthoides. Missouri Botanical Garden, Gardening help
"Heliopsis helianthoides". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
Newcomb, Lawrence (1977). Newcomb's Wildflower Guide. Little, Brown & Company. p. 390.
Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN 9781845337315.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Benzinggold'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Light of Loddon'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
"Heliopsis helianthoides Loraine Sunshine='Helhan'". RHS. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Sonnenglut'". RHS. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Spitzentänzerin'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Waterperry Gold'". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 6 August 2020.