Farfugium japonicum

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Senecioneae
Subtribus: Tussilagininae
Genus: Farfugium
Species: Farfugium japonicum
Varietas: F. j. var. giganteum – F. j. var. luchuense
Name

Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam.
Synonyms

Arnica tussilaginea Burm. fil.
Farfugium grande Lindl.
Farfugium japonicum f. aligulatum Konta
Farfugium japonicum var. formosanum (Hayata) Kitam.
Farfugium japonicum var. nokozanense (Yamamoto) Kitam.
Farfugium kaempferi (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth.
Farfugium tussilagineum (Burm. fil.) Kitam.
Farfugium tussilagineum var. formosanum (Hayata) Kitam.
Ligularia farfugium C. Koch
Ligularia formosana (Hayata) Masam.
Ligularia kaempferi Sieb. & Zucc.
Ligularia nokozanensis Yamam.
Ligularia tussilaginea (Burm. fil.) Makino
Ligularia tussilaginea var. formosana Hayata
Senecio farfugium C. Koch
Senecio japonicus Less.
Senecio kaempferi (Sieb. & Zucc.) DC.
Senecio sieboldii Sch. Bip.
Senecio tussilagineus (Burm. fil.) Kuntze
Tussilago japonica L.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asie
China (?Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, ?Jiangsu, Zhejiang), Taiwan, Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), South Korea, Ryukyu Isl., Bonin Isl. (Ogasawara Isl.)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Kitamura, S., Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica. [Shokubutsu bunrui chiri.] 8:268. 1939

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Farfugium japonicum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Apr. 11. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Farfugium japonicum. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 11 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Farfugium japonicum in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Apr. 11.
Tropicos.org 2018. Farfugium japonicum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 11 Apr. 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Farfugium japonicum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
English: Leopard plant, Ligularia
日本語: ツワブキ

Farfugium japonicum (syn. Ligularia tussilaginea) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, also known as leopard plant, green leopard plant or tractor seat plant.[1] It is native to streams and seashores of Japan, where it is called tsuwabuki (石蕗).[2]

Description

It is a rhizomatous evergreen perennial, growing in a loose clump about 60 cm (24 in) tall and wide, with large round or kidney-shaped leaves that are slightly fleshy in texture. Daisy-like yellow flowers, 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) across, are borne in loose clusters in autumn and winter.[2]
Cultivation

Farfugium japonicum is grown as an ornamental plant for garden planting and containers. The variegated cultivars are often used to brighten shade garden settings. Farfugium japonicum var. giganteum is a very large leaved selection.[3] Some cultivars have shiny green leaves variegated with irregular creamy white or yellow markings, which are leathery and large, 4-10 in (10.2-25.4 cm) across, with wavy or toothed margins, held aloft on long stalks. Others are an even green without the white or yellow markings.

The cultivar 'Aureomaculatum' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[4][5] It is hardy in coastal or mild areas, but requires protection from cold winds.
Toxicity

Farfugium japonicum contains tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.[6][7]

References

"Leopard Plant". Home & Garden Information Center. Clemson University, South Carolina. November 5, 2017. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
MBG . accessed 11.30.2011
"RHS Plant Selector - Farfugium japonicum 'Aureomaculatum'". Retrieved 1 July 2020.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 38. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Fu, P.P., Yang, Y.C., Xia, Q., Chou, M.C., Cui, Y.Y., Lin G., "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements", Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2002, pp. 198-211 [1][permanent dead link]
Niwa H., Ishiwata H., Yamada K. "Isolation of petasitenine, a carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Farfugium japonicum" Journal of Natural Products 1985 48:6 (1003-1007)