Euphorbia dendroides

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Euphorbioideae
Tribus: Euphorbieae
Subtribus: Euphorbiinae
Genus: Euphorbia
Subgenus: E. subg. Esula
Sectio: E. sect. Pachycladae
Species: Euphorbia dendroides
Name

Euphorbia dendroides L., Sp. Pl. 1: 462. 1753.
Synonyms

Homotypic
Tithymalus dendroides (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew.: 172.4. 1768.
Esula dendroides (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 153. 1812.
Euphorbion dendroideum (L.) St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126. 1880.
Heterotypic
Tithymalus arboreus Tourn. ex Lam., Fl. Franç. 3: 94. 1779.
Euphorbia divaricata Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 9. 1784.
Euphorbia laeta Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 141. 1789.
Tithymalus laetus (Aiton) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 140. 1812.

Notes

Euphorbia dendroides var. hesperia Jahand. & Maire, Cavanillesia 5: 14. 1932 = Euphorbia regis-jubae

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
Regional: Southwestern Europe
Baleares, Corse, France, Sardegna, Spain.
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Albania, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia (Malta, Sicily), Yugoslavia.
Continental: Africa
Regional: Northern Africa
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco (in error), Tunisia.
Regional: Macaronesia
Canary Islands (in error).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: Western Asia
East Aegean Islands, Lebanon-Syria (in error), Palestine (Israel), Turkey.
Continental: Northern America
Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
California (naturalized).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 462. Reference page.

Additional references

Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. 2011. Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du Nord. Volume 3: Dicotyledoneae: Balsaminaceae – Euphorbiaceae. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève, ISBN 978-2-8277-0124-7, 449 pp. PDF Reference page.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds.) 1986. Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-mediterranean countries. Vol. 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae – Labiatae). cxxix + 395 pp., Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7. Online version. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Euphorbia dendroides in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 26. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Euphorbia dendroides. Published online. Accessed: Jun 26 2020.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Euphorbia dendroides in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 26. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2020. Euphorbia dendroides. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 26 Jun 2020.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Euphorbia dendroides in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Baumförmige Wolfsmilch
Ελληνικά, Κυπριακά: Ευφορβία η δενδροειδής
English: Tree Spurge
español: Titímalo árbol
suomi: Puutyräkki
français: Euphorbe arborescente
sardu: Euforbia arborescente

Euphorbia dendroides, also known as tree spurge, is a small tree or large shrub of the family Euphorbiaceae that grows in semi-arid and mediterranean climates.

Distribution and habitat

Euphorbia dendroides has a wide distribution throughout the Mediterranean Sea, from the Balearic Islands in the west to the Aegean Islands in the east. It is found primarily in Europe and is restricted to northern Tunisia in North Africa.[1][2] This plant is sensitive to frost, so it only grows on protected and sunny mountainsides in hilly areas. It has been introduced to other countries out of its original range as an ornamental tree.
Description

This bush also has uses in traditional medicine; like many other species of genus Euphorbia[3] its toxic white and sticky sap has been used to treat skin excrescences, like cancers, tumors, and warts since ancient times.

References

Wilson, B. (2018). "Euphorbia dendroides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T79914128A119836518. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T79914128A119836518.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Euphorbia dendroides" (PDF). Flora Iberica. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
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