Dicentra

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Ordo: Ranunculales

Familia: Papaveraceae
Subfamilia: Fumarioideae
Tribus: Fumarieae
Genus: Dicentra
Species: D. canadensis - D. cucullaria - D. eximia - D. formosa - D. nevadensis - D. pauciflora - D. peregrina - D. uniflora

Name

Dicentra Bernh. (1833) nom. cons.

Type species: D. cucullaria (L.) Bernh.

Synonyms

Homotypic
Diclytra Borkh., Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(2): 46. 1797, nom. rej.
Dielytra Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 1: 556. 1826, orth. var.
Cucularia Raf., Med. Repos. 5: 352. 1808.

Heterotypic
Bicucullata Juss. ex Borckh., Arch. Bot. Leipzig (Roemer) 1: 46. 1797.
Bikukulla Adans., Fam. Pl. (Adanson) 2: 23. 1763.
Capnorchis Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754, nom. rej.
Corniveum Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 175. 1914.
Diclytra Borkh., Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(2): 46. 1797, nom. rej.

References

Bernhardi, J.J. 1833. Linnaea 8: 457, 468.
Farr, E. R. & Zijlstra, G. eds. (1996-) Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). 2009 Nov 11 [1].

Vernacular names
dansk: Hjerteblomst
Deutsch: Herzblumen
English: Bleeding heart
español: Corazón sangrante
فارسی: یسنترا
suomi: Pikkusydämet
Gaeilge: Colm fuiluchtach
hornjoserbsce: Wutrobički
magyar: Szívvirág
한국어: 금낭화속
lietuvių: Auskarėliai
polski: Serduszka
русский: Дицентра
svenska: Fänrikshjärtesläktet
Türkçe: Kızkalbi
中文: 荷包牡丹属

Dicentra (Greek dís "twice", kéntron "spur"),[3] known as bleeding-hearts, is a genus of eight species of herbaceous plants with oddly shaped flowers and finely divided leaves, native to eastern Asia and North America.

Description

Flowers have two tiny sepals and four petals. The flowers are bisymmetric: the two outer petals are spurred or pouched at the base and curved outwards or backwards at the tip, and the two inner ones with or without a crest at the tip. In Dicentra, all leaves are in a basal rosette, and flowers are on leafless stalks. In other genera with bisymmetric heart-shaped flowers (Lamprocapnos, Dactylicapnos, Ichtyoselmis, Ehrendorferia), leaves grow on stems as well as from the root.[4] Each of the two compound stamens is composed of one median and two lateral half stamens fused together. The stamens and pistil are held between the inner petals.

Seeds with elaiosomes are borne in long capsules.

All parts are poisonous if ingested.
Taxonomy
Current species

The genus Dicentra includes plants whose flowers and leaves grow on stems directly from the roots. Species with branching stems used to be included in the genus, but have now been moved to other genera.[4]
Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.	squirrel-corn	eastern North America
	Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.	Dutchman's-breeches	eastern North America, with a disjunct population in the Columbia Basin
	Dicentra eximia (Ker-Gawl.) Torr.	fringed bleeding-heart, turkey-corn	Appalachian Mountains
	Dicentra formosa (Haw.) Walp.	western or Pacific bleeding-heart	Pacific Coast of North America
	Dicentra nevadensis Eastw.	Sierra bleeding-heart	Sierra Nevada peaks of Tulare and Fresno Counties, endemic to central eastern California
	Dicentra pauciflora S. Wats.	short-horn steer's-head	Oregon and California
	Dicentra peregrina (Rudolphi) Makino	komakusa	Japan, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Island, and northeastern Siberia
	Dicentra uniflora Kellogg	long-horn steer's-head	western United States

Former species

The genera Dactylicapnos, Ichtyoselmis, Ehrendorferia and Lamprocapnos were previously included as subgenera in Dicentra, but have been shown not to belong in this genus (see for example Flora of China)

Dactylicapnos Wall. (14 species of herbaceous climbers with yellow flowers, Himalaya to SW China)
Dactylicapnos burmanica (K.R.Stern) Lidén
Dactylicapnos grandifoliolata Merrill (Dicentra paucinervia K.R.Stern)
Dactylicapnos lichiangensis (Fedde) Hand.-Mazz.
Dactylicapnos macrocapnos (Prain) Hutchinson
Dactylicapnos roylei (Hook.f. & Th.) Hutchinson
Dactylicapnos scandens (D.Don) Hutchinson
Dactylicapnos schneideri (Fedde) Lidén
Dactylicapnos gaoligongshanensis Lidén
Dactylicapnos torulosa (Hook.f. & Th.) Hutchinson (Dicentra wolfdietheri Fedde)
Dactylicapnos cordata Lidén
Ehrendorferia Lidén (2 species of erect robust herbaceous perennials with yellow or cream erect flowers, Western N America)
Ehrendorferia ochroleuca (Engelm.) Lidén=Dicentra ochroleuca Engelm.
Ehrendorferia chrysantha (Hook. & Arn.) Lidén. Golden Ear-drops=Dicentra chrysantha Hook. & Arn.
Ichtyoselmis Lidén (1 species of large herbaceous perennial with serrate leaflets and large drooping cream flowers, China, Burma)
Ichtyoselmis macrantha (Oliver) Lidén
Lamprocapnos Endlicher (1 species of herbaceous perennial with large pink flowers in horizontal racemes, NE China, Korea)
Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara bleeding heart=Dicentra spectabilis Lem.

Cultivation
Two bleeding-heart hybrids: Dicentra 'King of Hearts' (deep pink) and Dicentra 'Ivory Hearts' (white)

There are several hybrids and cultivars involving Dicentra eximia, Dicentra formosa, and Dicentra peregrina, including (those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit):-[5]

Dicentra 'Aurora' — Dicentra formosa × Dicentra eximia — white flowers
D. formosa 'Bacchanal' (agm)[6] — deep red
Dicentra 'Ivory Hearts' — Dicentra peregrina × Dicentra eximia 'Alba' — white
Dicentra 'King of Hearts' — Dicentra peregrina × (Dicentra formosa subsp. oregana × Dicentra eximia)
D. formosa 'Langtrees' (agm)[7]
Dicentra 'Luxuriant' (agm)[8] — Dicentra formosa × Dicentra eximia × Dicentra peregrina
Dicentra 'Stuart Boothman' (agm)[9]

Hybrids involving Dicentra peregrina are often intolerant of hot, humid climates and sun, like the species itself.
References

International Plant Names Index
"GRIN taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2009-05-06. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
δίς, κέντρον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
Tebbitt, Mark; Lidén, Magnus; Zetterlund, Henrik (2008). Bleeding hearts, Corydalis, and their relatives. Timber Press. pp. 56–58.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 32. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Dicentra formosa 'Bacchanal'". Retrieved 12 February 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Dicentra formosa 'Langtrees'". Retrieved 12 February 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Dicentra 'Luxuriant'". Retrieved 12 February 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Dicentra 'Stuart Boothman'". Retrieved 12 February 2018.