Cyrtandra

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Gesneriaceae
Subfamilia: Didymocarpoideae
Tribus: Trichosporeae
Subtribus: Didymocarpinae
Genus: Cyrtandra
Species:

a

C. albiflora – C. antuana – C. apaensis – C. apiculata – C. apoensis – C. arachnoidea – C. arborescens – C. arbuscula – C. areolata – C. arfakensis – C. argentata – C. argentii – C. asikii – C. atherocalyx – C. athrocarpa – C. atrichoides – C. atrichos – C. atropurpurea – C. attenuata – C. augusti – C. aundensis – C. aurantiaca – C. aurantiicarpa – C. aurea – C. aureosericea – C. aureotincta – C. auriculata – C. axillantha – C. axillaris
b

C. bacanii – C. baeotricha – C. baileyi – C. banyingii – C. barbata – C. barnesii – C. basiflora – C. bataanensis – C. bataviensis – C. beamanii – C. beccarii – C. beckmannii – C. begonioides – C. behrmanniana – C. benaratica – C. benguetiana – C. bicolor – C. bidwillii – C. biflora – C. biserrata – C. bismarckiensis – C. boliohutensis – C. bracheia – C. bracteata – C. brevicaulis – C. breviflora – C. brevisetosa – C. brownii – C. bruteliana – C. bryophila – C. buergersiana – C. bullata – C. bullifolia – C. bungahijau – C. burbidgei – C. burleyana – C. burttii
c

C. calciphila – C. callicarpifolia – C. calpidicarpa – C. calycina – C. calyptribracteata – C. campanulata – C. capitellata – C. castatea – C. caudata – C. cauliflora – C. cephalophora – C. ceratocalyx – C. cerea – C. chaiana – C. chalcodea – C. chavis-insectorum – C. chippendalei – C. chiritoides – C. chlamydocalyx – C. chlorantha – C. chrysalabastrum – C. chrysea – C. ciliata – C. clarkei – C. cleopatrae – C. coacta – C. coccinea – C. coleoides – C. comocarpa – C. compressa – C. confertiflora – C. confusa – C. congestiflora – C. connata – C. consimilis – C. constricta – C. copelandii – C. cordifolia – C. coriaceifolia – C. corniculata – C. crenata – C. cretacea – C. crockerella – C. crockeriana – C. cryptantha – C. cumingii – C. cuminsii – C. cuneata – C. cuprea – C. cupulata – C. curranii – C. cyaneoides – C. cyathibracteata – C. cyclopum – C. cylindrocalyx – C. cymosa
d

C. dallasensis – C. dasymallos – C. davaoensis – C. debilis – C. decipiens – C. decurrens – C. decussata – C. deinandra – C. denhamii – C. dentata – C. detzneriana – C. digitaliflora – C. dilatata – C. dinocalyx – C. diplotricha – C. dispar – C. disparifolia – C. disparoides – C. dissimilis – C. disticha – C. divertae – C. dolichocalyx – C. dolichocarpa – C. dolichopoda – C. dorytricha – C. dubiosa – C. dulitiana
e

C. efatensis – C. elata – C. elatostemmoides – C. elbertii – C. elegans – C. elizabethae – C. elmeri – C. eminens – C. engleri – C. erectiloba – C. erectipila – C. eriantha – C. eriophylla – C. erythrotricha – C. esothrix – C. eximia – C. exserta – C. externata
f

C. falcata – C. falcifolia – C. farinosa – C. fasciata – C. feaniana – C. fenestrata – C. ferripilosa – C. ferruginea – C. fiamoiensis – C. filibracteata – C. filipes – C. filisecta – C. flabellifolia – C. flabelligera – C. flavescens – C. flexiramea – C. floccosa – C. floribunda – C. florulenta – C. foliosa – C. foveolata – C. fragilis – C. frutescens – C. fulvisericea – C. fulvovillosa – C. funkii – C. fusconervia – C. fuscovellea – C. fuscovenosa – C. futunae
g

C. gambutensis – C. garnotiana – C. geantha – C. geesinkiana – C. geminata – C. geminiflora – C. geocarpa – C. gibbsiae – C. giffardii – C. gillettiana – C. gimlettii – C. gitingensis – C. gjellerupii – C. glabra – C. glabrifolia – C. glabrilimba – C. glaucescens – C. godeffroyi – C. gorontaloensis – C. gorumensis – C. gracilenta – C. gracilis – C. graeffei – C. grandibracteata – C. grandiflora – C. grandifolia – C. grandis – C. grayana – C. grayi – C. gregoryi – C. grossedentata – C. guerkeana
h

C. halawensis – C. hansenii – C. hapalantha – C. harveyi – C. hashimotoi – C. hawaiensis – C. hedraiantha – C. heineana – C. heinrichii – C. heintzelmaniana – C. hekensis – C. hellwigii – C. hematos – C. hendrianii – C. herbacea – C. heteronema – C. heterophylla – C. hiranoi – C. hirsuta – C. hirta – C. hirtigera – C. hispida – C. hispidissima – C. hispidula – C. holodasys – C. hololeuca – C. homoplastica – C. horizontalis – C. hornei – C. hoseana – C. hottae – C. hufnagelii – C. humilis – C. hypochrysea – C. hypochrysoides – C. hypogaea – C. hypoleuca
i

C. iliasii – C. ilicifolia – C. ilocana – C. imminuta – C. impar – C. impressivenia – C. inaequifolia – C. incisa – C. incompta – C. incrustata – C. induta – C. infantae – C. insignis – C. insolita – C. insularis – C. integerrima – C. integrifolia – C. involucrata
j

C. jabiensis – C. jadunae – C. janowskyi – C. jellesmani – C. jonesii – C. jugalis
k

C. kajewskii – C. kalihii – C. kalimantana – C. kalyptantha – C. kamoolaensis – C. kanae – C. kandavuensis – C. kaniensis – C. kauaiensis – C. kaulantha – C. kealiae – C. keithii – C. kenivensis – C. kenwoodii – C. kermesina – C. kinhoi – C. kjellbergii – C. klossii – C. kohalae – C. kostermansii – C. kraemeri – C. kruegeri – C. kusaimontana
l

C. labiosa – C. lacerata – C. laciniata – C. lagunae – C. lambirensis – C. lanata – C. lanceolata – C. lanceolifera – C. lancifolia – C. lasiantha – C. lasiogyne – C. latibracteata – C. laxa – C. laxiflora – C. ledermannii – C. leiocrater – C. lessoniana – C. leucantha – C. leucochlamys – C. libauensis – C. ligulifera – C. lillianae – C. limnophila – C. linauana – C. lineariloba – C. lithophila – C. livida – C. lobbii – C. locuples – C. loheri – C. longe-petiolata – C. longicarpa – C. longiflora – C. longifolia – C. longifruticosa – C. longipedunculata – C. longipes – C. longirostris – C. lorentzii – C. luteiflora – C. lutescens – C. lydgatei – C. lysiosepala
m

C. macraei – C. macrobracteata – C. macrocalyx – C. macrodiscus – C. macrophylla – C. macrotricha – C. maculata – C. maesifolia – C. magentiflora – C. magnoliifolia – C. mamolea – C. maquilingensis – C. mareensis – C. marthae – C. martini – C. mcgregorii – C. megalocalyx – C. megalocrater – C. megaphylla – C. melinocalyx – C. membranacea – C. membranifolia – C. mendumae – C. menziesii – C. mesilauensis – C. micrantha – C. microcalyx – C. microcarpa – C. microphylla – C. milnei – C. mindanaensis – C. minjemensis – C. minor – C. mirabilis – C. miserrima – C. mollis – C. montana – C. monticola – C. montigena – C. mooreaensis – C. mucronata – C. mucronatisepala – C. multibracteata – C. multicaulis – C. multifolia – C. multinervis – C. multiseptata – C. muluensis – C. munroi – C. muskarimba
n

C. nabirensis – C. nadeaudii – C. nana – C. nanawaleensis – C. natewaensis – C. navicellata – C. neiothiantha – C. nemorosa – C. neohebridensis – C. nervosa – C. nibongensis – C. nitens – C. nitida – C. nodulosa – C. nudiflora – C. nukuhivensis
o

C. oblongata – C. oblongifolia – C. obovata – C. occidentalis – C. occulta – C. ochroleuca – C. oenobarba – C. oligantha – C. olona – C. ootensis – C. oreogiton – C. oxybapha
p

C. pachyneura – C. pachyphylla – C. palawensis – C. paliku – C. palimasanica – C. pallida – C. pallidifolia – C. paludosa – C. panayensis – C. pandurata – C. pantothrix – C. papyracea – C. paragibbsiae – C. paravelutina – C. parva – C. parviflora – C. parvifolia – C. parvifructa – C. patentiserrata – C. patula – C. pauciflora – C. paxiana – C. pedicellata – C. peltata – C. pendula – C. penduliflora – C. perplexa – C. phaeodictyon – C. philippinensis – C. phoenicea – C. phoenicoides – C. phoenicolasia – C. pickeringii – C. picta – C. pilosa – C. pilostila – C. pinatubensis – C. platyphylla – C. plectranthiflora – C. plicata – C. pogonantha – C. poiensis – C. poikilophylla – C. polyantha – C. polyneura – C. ponapensis – C. populifolia – C. poulsenii – C. prattii – C. pritchardii – C. procera – C. propinqua – C. prostrata – C. pruinosa – C. pulchella – C. pulgarensis – C. pulleana – C. pumilio – C. punctatissima – C. purpurea – C. purpureofucata – C. purpurifolia
q

C. quercifolia – C. quinquenotata – C. quisumbingii
r

C. radiciflora – C. raiateensis – C. ramiflora – C. ramosii – C. ramunculosa – C. rantemarioensis – C. rarotongensis – C. reinwardtii – C. repens – C. reticosa – C. reticulata – C. revoluta – C. rhabdothamnos – C. rhizantha – C. rhizautha – C. rhyncanthera – C. richii – C. rivularis – C. robusta – C. roemeri – C. rosea – C. roseiflora – C. roseoalba – C. rostrata – C. rotumaensis – C. rubiginosa – C. rubra – C. rubribracteata – C. rubricalyx – C. rubropicta – C. rufa – C. rufotricha – C. rupicola – C. russa
s

C. sagetorum – C. saligna – C. samoensis – C. sandakanensis – C. sandei – C. sandwicensis – C. saniensis – C. santosii – C. sarawakensis – C. saxicola – C. scandens – C. schizocalyx – C. schizostyla – C. schraderi – C. schultzei – C. schumanniana – C. scutata – C. scutifolia – C. seganica – C. sepikana – C. sericifolia – C. serratifolia – C. serratobracteata – C. sessilis – C. sibuyanensis – C. similis – C. simplex – C. sinclairiana – C. smithiana – C. sororia – C. sorsogonensis – C. spathacea – C. spathulata – C. spectabilis – C. spelaea – C. sphaerocalyx – C. spicata – C. splendens – C. stenophylla – C. stenoptera – C. stolleana – C. stonei – C. strictipes – C. strongiana – C. suberosa – C. subglabra – C. subgrandis – C. sublanea – C. subsphaerocarpa – C. subulibractea – C. subumbellata – C. suffruticosa – C. sulcata
t

C. tagaleurium – C. tahuatensis – C. taitensis – C. talonensis – C. tarsodes – C. taviunensis – C. tayabensis – C. tecomiflora – C. tempestii – C. tenebrosa – C. tenuicarpa – C. tenuipes – C. tenuisepala – C. teres – C. terrae-guilelmi – C. tesselata – C. teysmannii – C. thamnodes – C. thibaultii – C. tibangensis – C. tintinnabula – C. todaiensis – C. tohiveaensis – C. tomentosa – C. toreniiflora – C. toviana – C. trachycaulis – C. treubiana – C. trichocalyx – C. trichodon – C. trichophylla – C. trisepala – C. trivialis – C. tubibractea – C. tubiflora – C. tuiwawae – C. tunohica
u

C. uahukaensis – C. uapouensis – C. umbellifera – C. umbraticola – C. undata – C. uniflora – C. urceolata – C. urdanetensis – C. urvillei
v

C. vaginata – C. vairiae – C. valviloba – C. vanoverberghii – C. vaupelii – C. velutina – C. ventricosa – C. verrucosissima – C. versteegii – C. vescoi – C. vesiculata – C. vespertina – C. vestita – C. victoriae – C. villifructus – C. villosissima – C. virescens – C. viridescens – C. viridiflora – C. vitiensis – C. vriesii – C. vulpina
w

C. wagneri – C. waianaeensis – C. wainihaensis – C. waiolani – C. waisaliensis – C. wallichii – C. warburgiana – C. wariana – C. wawrae – C. weberi – C. wentiana – C. wenzelii – C. wichmanniana – C. widjajae – C. wilhelmensis – C. williamsii – C. winkleri – C. wollastonii – C. woodsii
x

C. xanthantha
y

C. yaeyamae
z

C. zamboangensis – C. zippelii – C. zollingeri
Nothospecies: C. × alata – C. × alnea – C. × ambigua – C. × arguta – C. × atomigyna – C. × axilliflora – C. × basipartita – C. × carinata – C. × caudatisepala – C. × caulescens – C. × christophersenii – C. × cladantha – C. × conradtii – C. × crassifolia – C. × crassior – C. × cupuliformis – C. × ferrocolorata – C. × ferruginosa – C. × forbesii – C. × georgiata – C. × honolulensis – C. × hosakae – C. × kaalae – C. × kahanaensis – C. × kipahuluensis – C. × kipapaensis – C. × laevis – C. × malacophylla – C. × mannii – C. × nutans – C. × opaeulae – C. × pubens – C. × ramosissima – C. × rockii – C. × scabrella – C. × subintegra – C. × turbiniformis – C. × umbraculiflora – C. × villicalyx
Name

Cyrtandra J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 2. 5. (1776)

Type species: Cyrtandra biflora Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 67. (1832)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Cinga Noronha
Cyrtandroidea F.Br.
Cyrtandropsis Lauterb.
Getonia Banks & Sol. ex Benn. non Getonia Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 1: 61. (1798) (Combretaceae)
Kyrtandra J.F.Gmel.
Protocyrtandra Hosok.
Rhynchocarpus Reinw. ex Blume
Whitia Blume

References

Forster, J.R. & Forster, J.G.A. 1776. Characteres Generum Plantarum:quas in itinere ad insulas maris Australis, collegerunt, descripserunt, delinearunt, annis 1772-1775, Edition 2: 5.

Additional references

Wagner, W.L., Wagner, A.J. & Lorence, D.H. 2013. Revision of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Marquesas Islands. PhytoKeys 30: 33–64. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.30.6147 Open access Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Cyrtandra in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Aug 25. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Cyrtandra. Published online. Accessed: Aug 25 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Cyrtandra. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Aug 25.
Hassler, M. 2021. Cyrtandra. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Aug 25. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Cyrtandra. Accessed: 25 Aug 2021.

Vernacular names
Hawaiʻi: ha‘iwale

Cyrtandra (New Latin, from Greek κυρτός, kyrtós, "curved", and ἀνήρ, anḗr, "male", in reference to their prominently curved stamens)[1] is a genus of flowering plants containing about 600 species,[2] with more being discovered often,[3] and is thus the largest genus in the family Gesneriaceae.[4] These plants are native to Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, with the centre of diversity in Southeast Asia and the Malesian region.[4] The genus is common, but many species within it are very rare, localized, and endangered endemic plants.[3] The species can be difficult to identify because they are highly polymorphic and because they readily hybridize with each other.[2] The plants may be small herbs, vines, shrubs, epiphytes, or trees. The genus is characterized in part by having two stamens, and most species have white flowers, with a few red-, orange-, yellow-, and pink-flowered species known. Almost all species live in rainforest habitats.[3]

It is an example of a supertramp genus.[3]

Hawaiian Cyrtandra are known as ha‘iwale.[2]
Cyrtandra platyphylla

Species
Main article: List of Cyrtandra species

Selected species include:

Cyrtandra aurantiicarpa
Cyrtandra biserrata – Molokai cyrtandra
Cyrtandra calyptribracteata
Cyrtandra cleopatrae
Cyrtandra confertiflora – lava cyrtandra
Cyrtandra cordifolia[5] – the Latin name means cyrtandra with heart-shaped leaves
Cyrtandra crenata – Kahana Valley cyrtandra
Cyrtandra cyaneoides – mapele
Cyrtandra dentata – mountain cyrtandra
Cyrtandra elatostemoides
Cyrtandra elegans
Cyrtandra ferripilosa – red-hair cyrtandra
Cyrtandra filipes – gulch cyrtandra
Cyrtandra garnotiana – hahala
Cyrtandra giffardii – forest cyrtandra
Cyrtandra gracilis – Palolo Valley cyrtandra
Cyrtandra grandiflora – largeflower cyrtandra
Cyrtandra grayana – Pacific cyrtandra
Cyrtandra grayi – Gray's cyrtandra
Cyrtandra halawensis – toothleaf cyrtandra
Cyrtandra hashimotoi – Maui cyrtandra
Cyrtandra hawaiensis – Hawaii cyrtandra
Cyrtandra heinrichii – lava cyrtandra
Cyrtandra hematos – singleflower cyrtandra
Cyrtandra hirtigera
Cyrtandra hypochrysoides
Cyrtandra kalihii – Koolau Range cyrtandra
Cyrtandra kamooloaensis – Kamo'oloa cyrtandra
Cyrtandra kauaiensis – ulunahele
Cyrtandra kealiae
Cyrtandra kealiae ssp. kealiae (syn. C. limahuliensis)[6]
Cyrtandra kealiae ssp. urceolata
Cyrtandra kohalae – Kohala Mountain cyrtandra
Cyrtandra laxiflora – Oahu cyrtandra
Cyrtandra lessoniana – Lesson's cyrtandra
Cyrtandra macraei – upland cyrtandra
Cyrtandra menziesii – ha'i wale
Cyrtandra munroi – Lanaihale cyrtandra
Cyrtandra nitens
Cyrtandra oenobarba – shaggystem cyrtandra
Cyrtandra olona – Kauai cyrtandra
Cyrtandra oxybapha – Pohakea Gulch cyrtandra
Cyrtandra paliku – cliffside cyrtandra
Cyrtandra paludosa – kanaweo ke'oke'o
Cyrtandra platyphylla – 'ilihia
Cyrtandra polyantha – Niu Valley cyrtandra
Cyrtandra pruinosa – frosted cyrtandra
Cyrtandra pulgarensis
Cyrtandra samoensis
Cyrtandra sessilis – windyridge cyrtandra
Cyrtandra subumbellata – parasol cyrtandra
Cyrtandra tahuatensis
Cyrtandra tintinnabula – Laupahoehoe cyrtandra
Cyrtandra umbellifera
Cyrtandra viridiflora – greenleaf cyrtandra
Cyrtandra waiolani – fuzzyflower cyrtandra
Cyrtandra wawrae – rockface cyrtandra

References

Weber, Anton; et al. (2007), "Cyrtandra", The Genera of Gesneriaceae (2nd ed.), Vienna.
Clermontia and Cyrtandra. DNA Barcoding Endemic Hawaiian Species Project. University of Hawaii, Hilo.
Quentin C. B. Cronk; Michael Kiehn; Warren L. Wagner; James F. Smith (2005). "Evolution of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Pacific Ocean: the origin of a supertramp clade". American Journal of Botany. 92 (6): 1017–1024. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.6.1017. JSTOR 4126079. PMID 21652486.
David H. Lorence; Steven Perlman (2007). "A new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from Hawai'i, Hawaiian Islands". Novon. 17 (3): 357–361. doi:10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[357:ANSOCG]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 20406191.
Cyrtandra cordifolia Archived 2012-11-06 at the Wayback Machine at the Oahu board of water supply.

Warren L. Wagner; David H. Lorence (2000). "A reassessment of Cyrtandra kealiae and C. limahuliensis (Gesneriaceae)". Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 63: 17–20. hdl:10088/7612.

Further reading
H. Atkins; Q. C. B. Cronk (2001). "The genus Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in Palawan, Philippines". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 58 (3): 443–458. doi:10.1017/S0960428601000762.