Cynoglossum

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Boraginales

Familia: Boraginaceae
Subfamilia: Boraginoideae
Tribus: Cynoglosseae
Subtribus: Cynoglossinae
Genus: Cynoglossum
Species: C. aequinoctiale – C. alpestre – C. alpinum – C. alticola – C. amabile – C. amplifolium – C. asperrimum – C. australe – C. austroafricanum – C. baeticum – C. barbaricinum – C. birkinshawii – C. borbonicum – C. bottae – C. brandii – C. castaneum – C. celebicum – C. cernuum – C. cheranganiense – C. clandestinum – C. coeruleum – C. columnae – C. creticum – C. densefoliatum – C. dioscoridis – C. divaricatum – C. gansuense – C. germanicum – C. glabellum – C. hanangense – C. hellwigii – C. hispidum – C. holosericeum – C. inyangense – C. javanicum – C. kandavanense – C. karamojense – C. krasniqii – C. lanceolatum – C. lowryanum – C. macrocalycinum – C. macrolimbe – C. magellense – C. maghrebicum – C. meeboldii – C. microglochin – C. monophlebium – C. montanum – C. natolicum – C. nebrodense – C. nova-guineese – C. obtusicalyx – C. officinale – C. papuanum – C. pustulatum – C. rochelia – C. sabirense – C. semnanicum – C. seravshanicum – C. spelaeum – C. sphacioticum – C. stewartii – C. timorense – C. torvum – C. trinervium – C. trollii – C. tsaratananense – C. ukaguruense – C. vanense – C. viridiflorum – C. wallichii – C. wildii – C. yemenense – C. zeylanicum

Nothospecies: C. × austriacum – C. × legionense – C. × modorense
Name

Cynoglossum L., Sp. Pl.: 134 (1753)
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Mapuchea Serrano, R.Carbajal & S.Ortiz, Nova Acta Ci. Compostelana, Biol. 23: 9 (2016)
Paracynoglossum Popov, in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 19: 717 (1953)

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus I. Pp. [I–XII], 1–560. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page. : 134.

Additional references

Fries, T.C.E. 1923. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. Notizblatt Des Königl. Botanischen Gartens Und Museums Zu Berlin 8: 389-423. JSTOR Paywall Reference page.
Sutorý, K. 2006. Cynoglossum baeticum (Boraginaceae), a new endemic species from SE Spain. Willdenowia 36(1): 137-144. DOI: 10.3372/wi.36.36110 Open access Reference page.
Arrigoni, P.V. & Selvi, F. 2011. Cynoglossum barbaricinum (Boraginaceae), a new species from Sardinia (Italy). Webbia 66(1): 39-43. DOI: 10.1080/00837792.2011.10670883Paywall Reference page.
Sutorý, K. 2016. New Names In The Cynoglossum montanum Group' (Boraginaceae) in The Mediterranean Area. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 73(3): 265-275. DOI: S0960428616000123Open access Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Cynoglossum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 25. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Cynoglossum. Published online. Accessed: Sep 24 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Cynoglossum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Sep 25.
Catalogue of Life: 2020 Annual Checklist

Vernacular names
беларуская: Касталом
suomi: Koirankielet
русский: Чернокорень
svenska: Hundtungor
Türkçe: Köpekdili

There are many species in the plant genus Cynoglossum (/ˌsɪnoʊˈɡlɒsəm, ˌsaɪ-, -nə-/[1][2]). They are coarse-appearing, small-flowered plants of the family Boraginaceae. Cynoglossum officinale, the common hound's-tongue, is a native of Asia, Africa, and Europe. It has been introduced into North America, and it is considered to be a troublesome weed because its burs stick to the wool of sheep and to other animals. Ingestion of this plant can also lead to photosensitivity in grazing animals.

Cynoglossum virginianum, known as wild comfrey, is a common plant from New York to Florida. Cynoglossum boreale occurs in the northern United States as far west as Minnesota and in Canada.[3]

Cynoglossum amabile, known as Chinese Forget-me-not and Chinese hound's tongue, originally a wildflower from Southwest China, is now found in Europe and North America.

Cynoglossom grande is native to California.

In Iran there are 3 species of this plant from which Cynoglossum tehranicum is only found in Iran.[4]

Selected species

Cynoglossum amabile - Chinese hound's tongue, Chinese forget-me-not
Cynoglossum apenninum
Cynoglossum australe - Australian hound's tongue
Cynoglossum baeticum
Cynoglossum boreale - northern wild comfrey
Cynoglossum castellanum
Cynoglossum cheirifolium
Cynoglossum clandestinum
Cynoglossum columnae
Cynoglossum creticum - blue hound's tongue
Cynoglossum dioscoridis
Cynoglossum furcatum - Indian hound's tongue
Cynoglossum germanicum - green hound's tongue
Cynoglossum glochidiatum - prickly hound's tongue
Cynoglossum grande - Pacific hound's tongue
Cynoglossum hungaricum
Cynoglossum magellense
Cynoglossum microglochin - smallbristle hound's tongue
Cynoglossum nervosum - hairy hound's tongue
Cynoglossum occidentale - western hound's tongue
Cynoglossum officinale - common hound's tongue, gypsyflower
Cynoglossum reverchonii
Cynoglossum rotatum
Cynoglossum sphacioticum h. riedl.
Cynoglossum suaveolens - sweet hound's-tongue[5]
Cynoglossum tehranicum = Cynoglossum montanum = Cynoglossum nebrodense - mountain hound's tongue.[4]
Cynoglossum troodi - Troodos hound's tongue
Cynoglossum virginianum - wild comfrey
Cynoglossum zeylanicum - Ceylon hound's tongue

References

Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
"Pronunciation Guide for Plants". Retrieved 2016-01-23.
Walters, Martin (2012). Wild flowers. [CollinsGem]. ISBN 978-0-00-717854-4.
Mozaffarian, V. 1996. A dictionary of Iranian plant names: Latin, English, Persian. Tehran: Farhang-e Moʻaser.
"Cynoglossum". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2008-11-26.