Cyanea

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Campanulaceae
Subfamilia: Lobelioideae
Genus: Cyanea
Overview of species

C. aculeatiflora – C. acuminata – C. angustifolia – C. arborea – C. asarifolia – C. aspleniifolia – C. calycina – C. comata – C. copelandii – C. coriacea – C. crispa – C. cylindrocalyx – C. dolichopoda – C. dunbariae – C. duvalliorum – C. eleeleensis – C. elliptica – C. fissa – C. floribunda – C. gibsonii – C. giffardii – C. glabra – C. grimesiana – C. habenata – C. hamatiflora – C. hardyi – C. hirtella – C. horrida – C. humboldtiana – C. kahiliensis – C. kauaulaensis – C. kolekoleensis – C. konahuanuiensis – C. koolauensis – C. kuhihewa – C. kunthiana – C. lanceolata – C. leptostegia – C. linearifolia – C. lobata – C. longiflora – C. longissima – C. macrostegia – C. magnicalyx – C. mannii – C. maritae – C. marksii – C. mauiensis – C. mceldowneyi – C. membranacea – C. minutiflora – C. munroi – C. obtusa – C. parvifolia – C. pilosa – C. pinnatifida – C. platyphylla – C. pohaku – C. procera – C. profuga – C. pseudofauriei – C. purpurellifolia – C. pycnocarpa – C. quercifolia – C. recta – C. remyi – C. rivularis – C. salicina – C. scabra – C. sessilifolia – C. shipmanii – C. solanacea – C. solenocalyx – C. spathulata – C. st-johnii – C. stictophylla – C. superba – C. tritomantha – C. truncata – C. undulata
Name

Cyanea Gaudich., Voy. Uranie: t. 75 (1829)

Type species: Cyanea grimesiana Gaudich., Voy. Uranie: 458 (1829)

Synonyms

Homotypic
Kittelia Rchb., Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst.: 186 (1837), nom. superfl.
Heterotypic
Rollandia Gaudich., Voy. Uranie: 458 (1829)
Macrochilus C.Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobel.: 47 (1836)

References
Primary references

Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. 1829. Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi, . . . éxécuté sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820; . . . Botanique 457.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2014. Cyanea in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 July 15. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2014. Cyanea. Published online. Accessed: July 15 2014.
Tropicos.org 2014. Cyanea. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 July 15.

Cyanea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae. The name Cyanea in Hawaiian is hāhā.[1] These Hawaiian lobelioids are endemic to Hawaii with over 90% of Cyanea species are found only on one island in the Hawaiian chain.[2] They grow in moist and wet forest habitat[3] and are largely pollinated by birds[2] such as the Hawaiian honeycreepers,[4] and the seeds are dispersed by birds that take the fruits.[2] Most Cyanea are trees with few branches or none. The inflorescence is a raceme of 4 to 45 flowers which grows from the leaf axils. The fruit is a fleshy berry.[3][2] There have been several theories regarding the evolution of large prickles on plants endemic to islands that lack any mammalian or reptilian herbivores. One such theory suggests that the prickles are a defense against herbivory by the moa-nalo, a few taxa of flightless ducks that went extinct on the islands within the last 1600 years.[4]
Species

There are about 78 species in the genus.[5] Species include:[6]

Cyanea aculeatiflora – Haleakala cyanea
Cyanea acuminata – Honolulu cyanea
Cyanea angustifolia – hāhā,[7] ʻaku,[8]
Cyanea arborea – palmtree cyanea
Cyanea asarifolia – gingerleaf cyanea
Cyanea aspleniifolia – spleenwort cyanea
Cyanea calycina – Waianae Range rollandia, Oʻahu cyanea
Cyanea comata – Maui cyanea
Cyanea copelandii – treetrunk cyanea
Cyanea coriacea – leatherleaf cyanea
Cyanea crispa – Koolau Range rollandia
Cyanea cylindrocalyx – Splitleaf cyanea
Cyanea dolichopoda – long-foot cyanea
Cyanea dunbariae – ravine cyanea
Cyanea duvalliorum
Cyanea eleeleensis – eleele cyanea
Cyanea elliptica – ellipticleaf cyanea
Cyanea fissa – Kauai cyanea
Cyanea floribunda – Degener's cyanea
Cyanea giffardii – Kilauea Mauna cyanea
Cyanea gibsonii
Cyanea glabra – smooth cyanea
Cyanea grimesiana – splitleaf cyanea
Cyanea habenata – stream-bed cyanea
Cyanea hamatiflora – wetforest cyanea
Cyanea hardyi – Oahu cyanea
Cyanea heluensis
Cyanea hirtella – rustyleaf cyanea
Cyanea horrida – prickly cyanea
Cyanea humboldtiana – Oahu rollandia
Cyanea kahiliensis – spoonleaf cyanea
Cyanea kauaulaensis[5]
Cyanea kolekoleensis – kolekole cyanea
Cyanea konahuanuiensis – Hāhā miliʻohu
Cyanea koolauensis – Palolo Valley rollandia
Cyanea kuhihewa – Limahuli Valley cyanea
Cyanea kunthiana – Kunth's cyanea
Cyanea lanceolata – lanceleaf cyanea
Cyanea leptostegia – giant kokee cyanea
Cyanea linearifolia – linearleaf cyanea
Cyanea lobata – Waihee Valley cyanea
Cyanea longiflora – ridge rollandia
Cyanea longissima – streambank cyanea
Cyanea macrostegia – purple cyanea
Cyanea magnicalyx
Cyanea mannii – Mann's cyanea
Cyanea maritae
Cyanea marksii – Marks' cyanea
Cyanea mauiensis – Maui cyanea
Cyanea mceldowneyi – McEldowney's cyanea
Cyanea membranacea – papery cyanea
Cyanea minutiflora
Cyanea munroi – Munro's cyanea
Cyanea obtusa – bluntlobe cyanea
Cyanea parvifolia – Waioli Valley rollandia
Cyanea pilosa – hairy cyanea
Cyanea pinnatifida – sharktail cyanea
Cyanea platyphylla – puna cyanea
Cyanea pohaku – pohaku cyanea
Cyanea procera – Molokai cyanea
Cyanea profuga – Mapulehu Valley cyanea
Cyanea pseudofauriei – hāhā
Cyanea purpurellifolia – Panaluu Mountain rollandia
Cyanea pycnocarpa – manyfruit cyanea
Cyanea quercifolia – oakleaf cyanea
Cyanea recta – Kealia cyanea
Cyanea remyi – Remy's cyanea
Cyanea rivularis – plateau cyanea
Cyanea salicina – willow cyanea
Cyanea scabra – harsh cyanea
Cyanea sessilifolia – sessileleaf cyanea
Cyanea shipmanii – Shipman's cyanea
Cyanea solanacea – popolo
Cyanea solenocalyx – pua kala, molokai
Cyanea spathulata – spoonleaf cyanea
Cyanea st.-johnii – St. John's rollandia
Cyanea stictophylla – Kaiholena cyanea
Cyanea superba – Mt. Kaala cyanea
Cyanea tritomantha – ʻaku ʻaku, ʻaku
Cyanea truncata – Punaluu cyanea
Cyanea undulata – leechleaf cyanea

References

"Hawaiian Native Plant Genera - Campanulaceae: Cyanea". Dr. Gerald Carr, University of Hawaiʻi. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
Givnish, T. J., et al. (2009). Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276(1656), 407-16.
Lammers, T. G. (2004). Five new species of the endemic Hawaiian genus Cyanea (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Novon 14(1) 84-101.
Givnish, T. J., et al. (1994). Thorn-like prickles and heterophylly in Cyanea: adaptations to extinct avian browsers on Hawaii? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91(7), 2810-14.
Oppenheimer, H. and D. H. Lorence. (2012). A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae) from Maui, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys (13), 15-23.
Cyanea. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
"Native Plants Hawaii - Viewing Plant : Cyanea angustifolia". nativeplants.hawaii.edu.
"Plants Profile for Cyanea angustifolia ('aku)". plants.usda.gov.