Crupina vulgaris

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Carduoideae
Tribus: Cardueae
Subtribus: Centaureinae
Genus: Crupina
Species: Crupina vulgaris
Name

Crupina vulgaris Pers. ex Cass. in G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 12: 68 (1819).
Synonyms

Replaced synonym
Centaurea crupina L., Sp. Pl.: 909 (1753).
Homotypic
Serratula crupina (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3(1): 38 (1788).
Crupina crupina (L.) H.Karst., Deut. Fl.: 1126 (1883).
Centaurea vulgaris Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 488 (1807).
Centaurea tenuifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 207 (1796), nom. illeg.
Centaurea acuta Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 49 (1779), nom. illeg.
Crupina acuta Fritsch ex Janch., Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 5: 111 (1907), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic
Crupina brachypappa Jord. & Fourr., Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 84 (1868).
Crupina crupinastrum subsp. brachypappa (Jord. & Fourr.) Beauverd, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 4: 410 (1912).
Crupina alpestris Arv.-Touv., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 26(Rev. Bibliogr.): 39 (1879).
Crupina oligantha Tschern., Fl. Uzbekistan. 6: 387 (1962).
Crupina pauciflora Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 2: 241 (1820).
Crupina pauciflora Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 392 (1842).
Cyanus lanceolatus Moench, Methodus: 560 (1794).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
References

F. Cuvier, Dict. sci. nat. 12:68. 1819

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Crupina vulgaris. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 14. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Crupina vulgaris. Published online. Accessed: May 14 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Crupina vulgaris in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 14.
Tropicos.org 2018. Crupina vulgaris. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 14.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Crupina vulgaris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.
Colorado Department of Agriculture WWW page: Common Crupina. [1]

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Gewöhnlicher Schlüpfsame
English: Common crupina

Crupina vulgaris is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. Its common names include common crupina, bearded-creeper, false saw-wort,[2] and starry scabious.[3] It is native to parts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and it is known elsewhere as an introduced species and often a noxious weed.[2][4][5][6]

This winter annual herb produces a slender stem reaching about 120 cm (4 feet)[7][8] in height. The ridged stem has many branches, and is leafy below. The basal leaves are entire, toothed, or divided, and have rough-haired surfaces and bristly edges. They generally wither by flowering. Leaves higher on the stem are up to 3.5 centimeters long and are divided into narrow lobes with bristly edges. The slender flower head is about 1 or 2 centimeters long. It contains up to 5 florets, usually only one of which is fertile. It has a purple corolla. It yields one large fruit, a cypsela up to 1.6 centimeters long including its barrel-shaped body and its long, spreading pappus of brown or black bristles.[9] It can weigh up to 36 milligrams.[3] One average plant produces about 130 fruits.[10]

The flower heads often fall off the plant after the seeds ripen, each containing one fruit, or occasionally two in heads that produced two fertile florets. The seeds fall out and are dispersed by the wind or on the feet of livestock; they can be dispersed greater distances when floating on water or when transported by rodents, birds, or humans,[10] including on machinery and in contaminated shipments of hay or grain.[11] The seeds can pass unscathed through the guts of most animals, except sheep.[10] The cotyledons of the seedling have a bright purple[12] red,[3] or purplish red midvein and margins.[10]

The plant can grow in a range of temperatures, moisture levels, and soil types,[10] and in many types of habitat, including fields, pastures, grasslands, roadsides, railroads, and dump sites.[11] It is not invasive in its native range, but in regions where it has naturalized, such as the rangelands of the western United States, it can negatively affect native flora through competition, reduce the quality of forage, and increase soil erosion.[3] The plant can form wide stands in fields. It is unpalatable to most grazing animals, which avoid it and selectively consume other grasses and herbs, allowing the weed to survive and spread.[10] Sheep and goats will consume the plant, but are not effective agents of eradication.[3]

A number of natural enemies have been recorded, such as the mite Aceria balasi, which attacks the inflorescence, the moths Clytie illunaris, Metzneria aprilella, and Ornativalva plutelliformis, which feed on the seeds, and the weevil Styphlus penicillus, which feeds on the leaves.[3] Ramularia crupinae, first described from the plant, is a pathogenic sac fungus that grows on its leaves.[3] No agents of biological pest control have been established.[10]
References

The Plant List, Crupina vulgaris Pers. ex Cass.
"Crupina vulgaris". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Crupina vulgaris. Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2013.
Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 190 半毛菊属 ban mao ju shu Crupina (Persoon) Candolle
Flora of North America Crupina (Persoon) de Candolle
Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Crupina
Crupina vulgaris. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
Crupina vulgaris. Burke Museum. University of Washington.
Crupina vulgaris. Flora of North America.
Crupina vulgaris. Encycloweedia. California Department of Food and Agriculture.
Crupina vulgaris Cass. (common crupina) - Fact Sheet. Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine Canadian Food Inspection Agency.

Crupina vulgaris. Idaho's Noxious Weeds. Idaho OnePlan. University of Idaho.

Further reading

Garnatje, T., et al. (2002). Multiple introductions from the Iberian peninsula are responsible for invasion of Crupina vulgaris in western North America. New Phytologist 154(2), 419-28.