Copiapoa

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Cactaceae
Subfamilia: Cactoideae
Tribus: Copiapoeae
Genus: Copiapoa
Sectiones: C. sect. Copiapoa – C. sect. Echinopoa – C. sect. Pilocopiapoa
Species: C. angustiflora – C. aphanes – C. armata – C. atacamensis – C. australis – C. calderana – C. cinerascens – C. cinerea – C. conglomerata – C. coquimbana – C. corralensis – C. dealbata – C. decorticans – C. desertorum – C. echinoides – C. esmeraldana – C. fiedleriana – C. fusca – C. gigantea – C. grandiflora – C. humilis – C. hypogaea – C. laui – C. leonensis – C. longispina – C. longistaminea – C. marginata – C. megarhiza – C. mollicula – C. montana – C. rupestris – C. × scopa – C. serpentisulcata – C. solaris – C. taltalensis
Source(s) of checklist:
Name

Copiapoa Britton & Rose, Cact. 3: 85 (1922).

Type species: Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Pilocopiapoa F.Ritter, Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 20 (1961).
Type: Pilocopiapoa solaris F.Ritter

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Southern America
Regional: Southern South America
Chile Central, Chile North.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Britton, N.L. & Rose, J.N. 1922. The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. Vol. 3. 255 pp. + 23 pl. Carnegie Institution of Washington. BHL PDF Reference page. : 85.

Additional references

Korotkova, N., Aquino, D., Arias, S., Eggli, U., Franck, A. , Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Guerrero, P.C., Hernández, H.M., Kohlbecker, A., Köhler, M., Luther, K., Majure, L.C., Müller, A., Metzing, D., Nyffeler, R., Sánchez, D., Schlumpberger, B. & Berendsohn, W.G. 2021. Cactaceae at Caryophyllales. org–a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family. Willdenowia 51(2): 251–270. DOI: 10.3372/wi.51.51208 Open access Reference page.

Links

Korotkova, N. et al. 2021. Copiapoa in Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org. A global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Dec 07. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Copiapoa in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Dec 07. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Copiapoa. Published online. Accessed: Dec 07 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Copiapoa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 07 Dec 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. Copiapoa. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Dec 07. Reference page.

Vernacular names
suomi: Vahakaktukset

Copiapoa is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, from the dry coastal deserts, particularly the Atacama Desert, of northern Chile. It comprises 32 morphologically defined species and 5 heterotypic subspecies.[1] These species vary in form from spherical to slightly columnar and in color from a brownish to blue-green body. They have warty ribs and spiny areoles, and they usually produce tubular yellow flowers which grow from woolly crowns in summer.[2]

Taxonomy

Pilocopiapoa F.Ritter has been brought into synonymy with this genus. Some authorities also include here the genus Blossfeldia.
Species
Copiapoa cinerea

Copiapoa australis
Copiapoa laui

Clade I: Pilocopiapoa

Copiapoa solaris
Copiapoa solaris var. ferox

Copiapoa humilis var. tenuissima

Clade II: Mammillopoa

Copiapoa humilis (Humildito)
Copiapoa tenuissima
Copiapoa tocopillana (Tocopillano)
Copiapoa humilis variispinata

Clade IIIa: Cinerei

Copiapoa gigantea
Copiapoa cinerea × gigantea
Copiapoa krainziana (Chascón)
Copiapoa cinerea (Copiapoa de Philippi)
Copiapoa columna alba

Clade IIIb: Copiapoa

Copiapoa longispina
Copiapoa megarhiza
Copiapoa conglomerata
Copiapoa longistaminea
Copiapoa rupestris
Copiapoa aphanes
Copiapoa desertorum
Copiapoa taltalensis (Quisco del desierto)
Copiapoa serpentisulcata
Copiapoa decorticans
Copiapoa cinerascens
Copiapoa mollicula (Bajotierra)
Copiapoa angustifolia
Copiapoa esmeraldana
Copiapoa grandiflora
Copiapoa montana
Copiapoa calderana
Copiapoa marginata
Copiapoa hypogaea
Copiapoa atacamensis
Copiapoa leonensis
Copiapoa parvula

Clade IV: Echinopoa

Copiapoa coquimbana (Coquimbano)
Copiapoa echinoides
Copiapoa echinoides var. cuprea
Copiapoa echinoides var. dura
Copiapoa fiedleriana
Copiapoa dealbata

See also

Copiapó (the largest city of the Atacama region)
Pan de Azúcar National Park

References

Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter; Goetghebeur, Paul; Samain, Marie-Stéphanie (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity of Copiapoa(Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany. 102 (9): 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. PMID 26373974.
Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 302. ISBN 9781405332965.