Cestrum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Solanales

Familia: Solanaceae
Subfamilia: Cestroideae
Tribus: Cestreae
Genus: Cestrum
Species: C. abeggii – C. aberrans – C. acuminatum – C. acutifolium – C. affine – C. alternifolium – C. amistadense – C. anagyris – C. angulosum – C. aurantiacum – C. auriculatum – C. azuense – C. bahamense – C. benthamii – C. bicolor – C. bigibbosum – C. bracteatum – C. brevifolium – C. brunneopurpureum – C. buxifolium – C. buxoides – C. cahosianum – C. capsulare – C. chiapense – C. chimborazinum – C. chiriquianum – C. citrifolium – C. cobanense – C. coelophlebium – C. colombianum – C. confertifolium – C. conglomeratum – C. contrerasianum – C. corcovadense – C. cordatum – C. coriaceum – C. corymbosum – C. cristinae – C. cuneifolium – C. cuspidatissimum – C. cuspidatum – C. daphnoides – C. darcyanum – C. darienense – C. dasyanthum – C. decurrens – C. diurnum – C. domingense – C. dumetorum – C. dunalii – C. ecuadorense – C. ehrenbergii – C. ekmanii – C. elegans – C. elegantissimum – C. endlicheri – C. endresii – C. eriochiton – C. euanthes – C. evanidum – C. falcatum – C. farinosum – C. fasciculatum – C. ferrugineum – C. filipes – C. flavescens – C. flavinervium – C. formosum – C. forsythii – C. fragile – C. franceyi – C. fraternum – C. fulvescens – C. galeottianum – C. gardneri – C. gilliae – C. glabrescens – C. glabrum – C. glanduliferum – C. glaucophyllum – C. glomeratum – C. gracile – C. granadense – C. grandifolium – C. guaraniticum – C. guatemalense – C. hartwegii – C. hassleri – C. heterophyllum – C. hirtellum – C. hirtum – C. hotteanum – C. humboldtii – C. humile – C. imbricatum – C. inclusum – C. intermedium – C. irazuense – C. jacaltenanginum – C. jaramillanum – C. jimenezii – C. johnniegentrianum – C. killipii – C. knappiae – C. kunthii – C. laevifolium – C. laevigatum – C. lanceolatum – C. langeanum – C. latifolium – C. laxum – C. lehmannii – C. lentii – C. lindenii – C. linearifolium – C. longiflorum – C. lucidum – C. luteovirescens – C. macbridei – C. macrophyllum – C. magnifolium – C. mancoi – C. mariquitense – C. marmoratum – C. martii – C. megalophyllum – C. memorabile – C. mexicanum – C. micans – C. microcalyx – C. milciomejiae – C. miradorense – C. moaense – C. mononeurum – C. moquinianum – C. morae – C. morretense – C. mortonianum – C. mositicum – C. mutisii – C. neblinense – C. neibensis – C. nemanthum – C. nitidum – C. nocturnum – C. oblongifolium – C. obovatum – C. obscurum – C. ochraceum – C. olivaceum – C. osnoense – C. ovale – C. ovalifolium – C. ovatolanceolatum – C. pacificum – C. pallidissimum – C. palmeri – C. pariense – C. parqui – C. pauciflorum – C. pedicellatum – C. pennellii – C. petiolare – C. pinetorum – C. pitonianum – C. poasanum – C. polyanthum – C. porphyreum – C. potaliifolium – C. pseudopedicellatum – C. psittacinum – C. psychotrifolium – C. pulverulentum – C. quitense – C. racemosum – C. raimondianum – C. ramulosum – C. reflexum – C. reticulatum – C. retrofractum – C. rigidifolium – C. rigidum – C. roseum – C. rugulosum – C. ruizteranianum – C. salicifolium – C. salzmannii – C. santanderianum – C. scandens – C. schiedei – C. schlechtendalii – C. schulzianum – C. sessiliflorum – C. skutchii – C. sotonunezii – C. sparsiflorum – C. sphaerocarpum – C. sprucei – C. strictum – C. strigilatum – C. stuebelii – C. subcordatum – C. subpulverulentum – C. subumbellatum – C. subuniflorum – C. taylorii – C. tenuifolium – C. thyrsoideum – C. tillettii – C. toledii – C. tomentosum – C. tubulosum – C. tuerckheimii – C. turquinense – C. uhdei – C. undulatum – C. validum – C. velutinum – C. vestitum – C. viminale – C. violaceum – C. virgaurea – C. viride – C. viridifolium – C. weberbaueri – C. yucatanense – C. zarucchianum
Artificial Infrasectional nothospecies: C. × cultum
Name

Cestrum L. (1753)

Type species: C. nocturnum L.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Habrothamnus Endl., Gen. Pl. [Endlicher] 667 (1839)
Lomeria Raf., Sylva Tell. 56. Oct-Dec 1838.
Type species: L. purpurea Raf., nom. illeg.
Meyenia Schltdl., Linnaea 8: 251. 1833, nom. illeg. non Nees (1832) = Habrothamnus Endl., Gen. 667. Jan 1839.
Type species: M. fasciculata Schlecht.
Parqui Adans., Fam. 2: 219. Jul-Aug 1763; Parquis Raf., Sylva Tell. 56. Oct-Dec 1838, orth. var.
Type species: non design.
Wadea Raf., Sylva Tell. 56. Oct-Dec 1838.
Type species: W. latifolia (Lam.) Raf.

Note: The traditional sections are no longer supported (Montero-Castro, 2006 & Urdampilleta et al., 2015) and have been removed, although analyses do support two unnamed clades.
References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 191.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Cestrum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Aug. 31. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Cestrum. Published online. Accessed: Sept. 1 2021.
Montero-Castro, J.C. & al. 2006. Phylogenetic Analysis of Cestrum Section Habrothamnus (Solanaceae) Based on Plastid and Nuclear DNA Sequences. Systematic Botany 31(4): 843–850. DOI: 10.1600/036364406779695979 Paywall ResearchGate Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2021. Cestrum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Sept. 1.
Urdampilleta, J.D., Chiarini, F., Stiefkens, L. & Bernardello, G. 2015. Chromosomal differentiation of Tribe Cestreae (Solanaceae) by analyses of 18-5.8-26S and 5S rDNA distribution. Plant Systematics and Evolution 301(5): 1325-1334. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-014-1158-x Paywall PDF Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Jessamines
suomi: Nuijakukat, kesterit
magyar: Kalapácscserje
svenska: Cestrumsläktet

Cestrum is a genus of — depending on authority — 150-250 species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas, from the southernmost United States (Florida, Texas: day-blooming cestrum, C. diurnum) south to the Bío-Bío Region in central Chile (green cestrum, C. parqui). They are colloquially known as cestrums or jessamines (from "jasmine", due to their fragrant flowers).

They are shrubs growing to 1–4 m (3 ft 3 in–13 ft 1 in) tall. Most are evergreen; a few are deciduous. All parts of the plants are toxic, causing severe gastroenteritis if eaten.

Uses and ecology

Several species are grown as ornamental plants for their strongly scented flowers. Numerous cultivars have been produced for garden use, of which ‘Newellii’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[1] (confirmed 2017).[2]

Some are invasive species. Especially notorious is green cestrum (C. parqui) in Australia, where it can cause serious losses to livestock which eat the leaves (particularly of drying broken branches) unaware of their toxicity.[3]

C. laevigatum is employed by wajacas (shamans) of the Krahô tribe in Brazil. It is used "to see far", i.e. to aid in divination. Like the other hallucinogenic plants consumed by them, Craós wajacas consider it a potent entheogen, not to be taken by the uninitiated.[4]

Cestrum species are used as food by the caterpillars of several Lepidoptera species. These include the glasswing (Greta oto), the Antillean clearwing (Greta diaphanus)[5] and Manduca afflicta, which possibly[6][7] feeds only on day-blooming cestrum. It is either known or suspected that such Lepidoptera are able to sequester the toxins from the plant, making them noxious to many predators.

Cestrum species are reported as piscicidal.[8][9]
Selected species
Day-blooming cestrum (C. diurnum), the northernmost species
Green cestrum (C. parqui), the southernmost species

Cestrum ambatense Francey
Cestrum aurantiacum – orange cestrum, orange-flowering jessamine, yellow cestrum, "orange jessamine"
Cestrum auriculatum L'Hér.
Cestrum bracteatum Link & Otto
Cestrum buxifolium Kunth
Cestrum chimborazinum
Cestrum corymbosum Schltdl.
Cestrum daphnoides Griseb.
Cestrum diurnum L. – Day-blooming cestrum, Day-blooming jessamine
Cestrum ecuadorense Francey
Cestrum elegans (Brongn. ex Neumann) Schltdl.
Cestrum endlicheri Miers.
Cestrum fasciculatum – early jessamine, "red cestrum"
Cestrum humboldtii Francey
Cestrum laevigatum Schltdl. – dama-de-noite (Brazil)
Cestrum lanceolatum Miers [10]
Cestrum lanuginosum Ruiz & Pavón
Cestrum latifolium Lam.
Cestrum laurifolium L'Hér.
Cestrum meridanum Pittier
Cestrum mutisii Roem. & Schult.
Cestrum nocturnum – night-blooming cestrum, night-blooming jessamine, "lady of the night", raat ki rani (South Asia)
Cestrum pacificum
Cestrum parqui – green cestrum, Chilean cestrum, green poisonberry
Cestrum peruvianum Roemer & Schultes
Cestrum petiolare Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth
Cestrum psittacinum Stapf
Cestrum quitense Francey
Cestrum roseum Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth
Cestrum salicifolium Jacq.
Cestrum santanderianum Francey
Cestrum sendtnerianum Mart. ex Sendtn.
Cestrum sessiliflorum Schott ex Sendtn.
Cestrum stipulatum Vell.
Cestrum strigilatum Ruiz & Pav.
Cestrum stuebelii Hieron.
Cestrum thyrsoideum Kunth.
Cestrum tomentosum L.f.
Cestrum validum Francey
Cestrum viridifolium Francey

References

"RHS Plantfinder - Cestrum 'Newellii'". Retrieved 12 January 2018.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 16. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
North West Weeds (2003): Green cestrum Archived August 20, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Version of 2003-APR-15. Retrieved 2007-NOV-14.
Rodrigues, Eliana; Carlini, E.A. (2006). "Plants with possible psychoactive effects used by the Krahô Indians, Brazil" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 28 (4): 277–282. doi:10.1590/s1516-44462006000400006.
A. Sourakov; T. C. Emmel (1995). "Life history of Greta diaphana from the Dominican Republic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)" (PDF). Tropical Lepidoptera. 6 (2): 155–157.
Oehlke, Bill. "Manduca afflicta afflicta man-DOO-kuhM af-FLIK-ta (Grote, 1865) Sphinx". silkmoths.
"Eating grubs". All About Heaven.
CS JAWALE; LB DAMA (2010). "Haematological Changes In The Fresh Water Fish, Exposed To Sub-Lethal Concentration Of Piscicidal Compounds From (Fam: Solanaceae)". National Journal of Life Sciences. 7 (1): 82–84.
Chetan Jawale; Rambhau Kirdak; Laxmikant Dama (2010). "Larvicidal activity of Cestrum nocturnum on Aedes aegypti". Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology. 5 (1): 39–40. doi:10.3329/bjp.v5i1.4714.

"Cestrum lanceolatum Miers". the plant list.