Calystegia sepium

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Solanales

Familia: Convolvulaceae
Tribus: Convolvuleae
Genus: Calystegia
Species: Calystegia sepium
Subspecies: C. s. subsp. americana – C. s. subsp. angulata – C. s. subsp. appalachiana – C. s. subsp. erratica – C. s. subsp. limnophila – C. s. subsp. roseata – C. s. subsp. sepium – C. s. subsp. spectabilis
Varietas: C. s. var. hirsuta
Name

Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 483. 1810.
Synonyms

Basionym
Convolvulus sepium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 153. 1753.
Homotypic
Volvulus sepium (L.) Junger, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 133. 1891.

References
Primary references

Brown, R. 1810. Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. pp. i–viii + 145–590, Londini: R.Taylor. BHL Reference page. : 483.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Calystegia sepium in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 November 03. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Calystegia sepium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 November 03. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Calystegia sepium. Published online. Accessed: November 03 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Calystegia sepium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 03 November 2019.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Calystegia sepium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.

Vernacular names
العربية: لبلاب السياجات
azərbaycanca: Hasar sarmaşığı
català: Campaneta de la Mare de Déu
čeština: Opletník plotní
Cymraeg: Taglys y Perthi
dansk: Gærde-Snerle
Deutsch: Gemeine Zaunwinde
Ελληνικά: Περικοκλάδα
English: Hedge Bindweed
español: Correhuela mayor
eesti: Tara-seatapp
euskara: Ezkerte zuri
suomi: Valkokarhunköynnös
Nordfriisk: Witj huder
français: Liseron des haies
Gàidhlig: Dùil Mhial
hornjoserbsce: Wšědna wijawka
magyar: Sövényszulák
Limburgs: Piespötteke
lietuvių: Patvorinė vynioklė
Nedersaksies: Pispotjen
Plattdüütsch: Rickelwinn
Nederlands: Haagwinde
norsk nynorsk: Strandvindel
norsk: Strandvindel
polski: Kielisznik zaroślowy
русский: Повой заборный
slovenčina: Povoja plotná
српски / srpski: Ladolež - Ладолеж
Seeltersk: Pispotte
svenska: Snårvinda
Türkçe: Çıt sarmaşığı
українська: Плетуха звичайна
中文（简体）: 旋花
中文（繁體）: 旋花
中文（臺灣）: 旋花
中文: 旋花

Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed, Rutland beauty, bugle vine, heavenly trumpets, bellbind, granny-pop-out-of-bed and many others) is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate regions of the North and South hemispheres.

Description

It is an herbaceous perennial that twines around other plants, in a counter-clockwise direction, to a height of up to 2–4 m (7–13 ft), rarely 5 metres (16 ft). The pale matte green leaves are arranged spirally, simple, pointed at the tip and are arrowhead shaped, 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) long and 3–7 centimetres (1+1⁄4–2+3⁄4 in) broad.[2]

The flowers are white, or pale pink with five darker stripes, produced from late spring to the end of summer. In the UK, between July and September.[3] In the bud, they are covered by large green but tinged with crimson bracts which remain but scarcely overlap and do not cover the sepals of the open flower.[4]: 567  The open flowers are trumpet-shaped, 3–7 centimetres (1+1⁄4–2+3⁄4 in) diameter, white, or pale pink with white stripes. After flowering, the fruit develops as an almost spherical capsule, which is hidden by the bracts. It is 1 centimetre (1⁄2 in) in diameter, containing two to four large, dark brown,[3] or black seeds that are shaped like quartered oranges.

The plant thrives in hedges,[3] fields, borders, roadsides and open woods.
Identification

There are several species of Calystegia which and occur in similar habitats and can be difficult to distinguish, especially when not in flower. It is common practice in Britain to treat C. sepium, C. silvatica and C. pulchra as an aggregate, usually recorded as "C. sepium agg.", whenever identification is uncertain. The use of this term sometimes creates confusion about which taxon is being discussed.[5]

The best way to separate hedge bindweed (sepium) from the other taxa is by the bracteoles, which subtend the flower and wholly or partially encompass the sepals. Hedge bindweed has two rather long, narrow bracteoles which do not touch each other, whereas both large bindweed (silvatica) and hairy bindweed (pulchra) have shorter, wider bracteoles which overlap where they meet.[6][4]
Calystegia sepium bracteoles.jpg Calystegia silvatica bracteoles.jpg
Bracteoles of hedge bindweed (left) and large bindweed (right)
Taxonomy

Other vernacular names include greater bindweed, bearbind, hedge convolvulus, hooded bindweed, old man's nightcap, wild morning glory, bride's gown, wedlock (referring to the white gown-like flowers and the binding nature of the vine), white witches hat, belle of the ball,[7] devil's guts and hedgebell.[8] A common childhood pastime in the UK is to 'pop' the flowers from the sepals while chanting "Granny, granny — pop out of bed".

Several regional subspecies have been described,[1] but they are not considered distinct by all authorities:

Calystegia sepium subsp. americana. North America.
Calystegia sepium subsp. angulata. North America.
Calystegia sepium subsp. appalachiana. Eastern North America.
Calystegia sepium subsp. binghamiae. Western North America (California).
Calystegia sepium subsp. erratica. North America.
Calystegia sepium subsp. limnophila. Southern North America.
Calystegia sepium subsp. roseata. Western Europe, coasts. Flowers pink.
Calystegia sepium subsp. sepium. Europe, Asia.
Calystegia sepium subsp. spectabilis. Siberia. Flowers often pinkish.

Eradication
Calystegia sepium flower and foliage.

Calystegia sepium because of its quick growth, clinging vines and broad leaves, can overwhelm and pull down cultivated plants including shrubs and small trees. It is self-seeding (seeds can remain viable as long as 30 years) and the success of its creeping rhizomes (they can be as long as 3–4 m (10–13 ft)) cause it to be a persistent weed and have led to its classification in some American states as a noxious weed.[8]

C. sepium is highly sensitive to glyphosate, a systemic herbicide, but eradication may require several doses.[9]
Similar species

Calystegia silvatica, giant bindweed, is sometimes treated as a subspecies of C. sepium
Convolvulus arvensis, field bindweed, is a similar vine with much smaller features. The rear margin leaf projections are sharp.
The leaves of Ipomoea pandurata, wild potato vine, are shaped like a heart, not like an arrowhead.

Gallery

Calystegia sepium

Calystegia sepium

References

"Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain. Reader's Digest. 1981. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-276-00217-5.
Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707725.
Lockton, Alex. "BSBI species accounts: Calystegia sepium". Retrieved 8 February 2022.
Rich, T.C.G. (1998). Plant Crib. London: Botanical Society of the British Isles.
Wiersema, John H.; León, Blanca (2013). World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference, Second Edition. p. 921. ISBN 9781466576810.
"Calystegia sepium (Appalachia False Bindweed, Bearbind, Bellbind, Bingham's False Bindweed, Bracted Bindweed, Bugle Vine, Devil's Guts, Great Bindweed, Heavenly Trumpets, Hedgebell, Hedge Bindweed, Hedge False Bindweed, Large Bindweed, Old Man's Nightcap, Rutland Beauty, Wild Morning Glory) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 6 June 2021.

Brook, Roger. "How to control bindweed, Convolvulus". Retrieved 6 June 2021.

Blanchan, Neltje (2005) [1917]. Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.