Buddleja davidii

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Scrophulariaceae
Tribus: Buddlejeae
Genus: Buddleja
Sectio: Buddleja sect. Alternifoliae
Species: Buddleja davidii
Name

Buddleja davidii Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. ser. 2 10: 65. 1887.
Synonyms

Buddleja variabilis Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 120. 1889.

Hybrids

B. × weyeriana
References

Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 10:65. 1887
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Buddleja davidii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
català: Budleia
čeština: komule Davidova
Cymraeg: Y gynffon las
dansk: Sommerfuglebusk, Almindelig Sommerfuglebusk
Deutsch: Schmetterlingsflieder, Schmetterlingsstrauch, Fliederspeer, Schmetterlingsbaum
English: butterfly-bush, purple emperor
español: budleya
suomi: Syyssyrikkä, syyssyreeni
français: Buddleia de David, Buddleia, Arbre aux papillons, Buddleia du père David
Frysk: Flinterstrûk
Gaeilge: Tor an fhéileacáin
Gàidhlig: Preas an Dealain-dè
hornjoserbsce: Mjetelowy bóz
magyar: Nyáriorgona, illatos nyáriorgona, pillangócserje
日本語: フサフジウツギ
한국어: 부들레야
Lëtzebuergesch: Päiperlekstrausch
македонски: Летен јоргован
Nederlands: Vlinderstruik, Herfstsering
polski: Budleja Dawida
português: budleia, flor-de-mel
русский: Буддлея Давида
slovenčina: budleja Dávidova
српски / srpski: Будлеја
svenska: Sommarbuddleja, Syrenbuddleja, Fjärilsbuske
中文（简体）: 大叶醉鱼草
中文（繁體）: 大葉醉魚草
中文（臺灣）: 大葉醉魚草
中文: 大叶醉鱼草, 穆坪醉鱼草, 绛花醉鱼草, 白背叶醉鱼草, 白壶子, 兴山醉鱼草, 流苏醉鱼草

Buddleja davidii (spelling variant Buddleia davidii), also called summer lilac, butterfly-bush, or orange eye, is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Sichuan and Hubei provinces in central China, and also Japan.[1] It is widely used as an ornamental plant, and many named varieties are in cultivation. The genus was named Buddleja after Reverend Adam Buddle, an English botanist. The species name davidii honors the French missionary and explorer in China, Father Armand David, who was the first European to report the shrub.[2] It was found near Ichang by Dr Augustine Henry about 1887 and sent to St Petersburg. Another botanist-missionary in China, Jean-André Soulié, sent seed to the French nursery Vilmorin, and B. davidii entered commerce in the 1890s.[3]

B. davidii was accorded the RHS Award of Merit (AM) in 1898, and the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) in 1941.[4]

Description

Buddleja davidii is a vigorous shrub with an arching habit, growing to 5 m (16 ft) in height. The pale brown bark becomes deeply fissured with age. The branches are quadrangular in section, the younger shoots covered in a dense indumentum. The opposite lanceolate leaves are 7–13 cm (3–5 inches) long, tomentose beneath when young. The honey-scented lilac to purple inflorescences are terminal panicles, < 20 cm (8 inches) long.[5] Flowers are perfect (having both male and female parts), hence are hermaphrodite rather than monoecious (separate male and female flowers on the same plant) as is often incorrectly stated. Ploidy 2n = 76 (tetraploid).[6]
Buddleja davidii, after Leeuwenberg

In his 1979 revision of the taxonomy of the African and Asiatic species of Buddleja, the Dutch botanist Anthonius Leeuwenberg sank the six varieties of the species as synonyms of the type, considering them to be within the natural variation of a species, and unworthy of varietal recognition.[7] It was Leeuwenberg's taxonomy which was adopted in the Flora of China[8] published in 1996. However, as the distinctions of the former varieties are still widely recognized in horticulture, they are treated separately here:

Buddleja davidii var. alba
Buddleja davidii var. magnifica

Buddleja davidii var. nanhoensis
Buddleja davidii var. superba

Buddleja davidii var. veitchiana
Buddleja davidii var. wilsonii

Cultivation

Buddleja davidii cultivars are much appreciated worldwide as ornamentals and for the value of their flowers as a nectar source for many species of butterfly. However, the plant does not provide food for butterfly larvae, and buddlejas might out-compete the host plants that caterpillars require.[9][10]

The species and its cultivars are not able to survive the harsh winters of northern or montane climates, being killed by temperatures below about −15 to −20 °C (5 to −4 °F).

Younger wood is more floriferous, so even if frosts do not kill the previous year's growth, the shrub is usually hard-pruned in spring once frosts have finished, to encourage new growth. The removal of spent flower panicles may be undertaken to reduce the nuisance of self-seeding and encourage further flower production; this extends the flowering season which is otherwise limited to about six weeks, although the flowers of the second and third flushes are invariably smaller.

Hardiness: USDA zones 5–9.[11]

There are approximately 180 davidii cultivars, as well as numerous hybrids with B. globosa and B. fallowiana grown in gardens. Many cultivars are of a dwarf habit, growing to no more than 1.5 m (5 feet).

The following davidii cultivars held the RHS Award of Garden Merit in 2012:-

'Black Knight'
'Blue Horizon'
'Camkeep' = Camberwell Beauty

'Darent Valley'
'Dartmoor'
'Monum' = Nanho Purple

'Monite' = Nanho White
'Royal Red'
'White Profusion'

A plant-evaluation manager at the Chicago Botanic Garden in Glencoe, Illinois (USDA Hardiness zone 5b) rated nearly 50 Buddlejia varieties and cultivars during a six-year trial period, summarizing in 2015 the charactistics of each and the study's findings. The following nine B. davidii cultivars received the highest ratings:[12]

'Adokeep' (Adonis Blue)
'African Queen'
Attraction

'Bicolor' ('Flower Power')
Lo & Behold 'Purple Haze' ('Purple Chip')
'Red Plume'

'Silver Frost'
'White Bouquet'
'White Profusion'

University studies have suggested that nectaring butterflies have greater preferences for some Buddleja cultivators than for others, with Lo & Behold 'Blue Chip' and 'Pink Delight' heading a list of eleven.[13]
Invasive species
Budleja davidii self-sown along a railroad right-of-way at Düsseldorf, Germany (2016)

Buddleja davidii has been designated as an invasive species or a "noxious weed" in a number of countries in temperate regions, including the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and New Zealand.[14] It is naturalized in Australia[15] and in many cities of central and southern Europe, where it can spread on open lands and in gardens.

B. davidii was first documented as an invasive species in the United Kingdom during 1922. It is now often seen there along railway lines and on the sites of derelict factories and other buildings.[16] The plant frequently grew on urban bomb sites during the aftermath of World War II, earning it the nickname of "the bomb site plant".[17]

B. davidii is widely marketed throughout the United States, where it has reportedly become invasive in some, but not all, areas within which it has been planted.[18][19][20] Although its flowers feed many native butterflies and other pollinators, plantings of the species are now controversial.[19][21][22] To prevent seeding and to promote further flowering, its blossoms need to be removed ("deadheaded") as soon as they are spent.[18]

A number of Buddleja cultivars have become available that have a variety of sizes and blossom colors and that are either sterile or produce less than 2% viable seed.[18][21][23][24] The northwestern U.S. state of Oregon, which designated B. davidii as a "noxious weed" and initially prohibited entry, transport, purchase, sale or propagation of all of its varieties, amended its quarantine in 2009 to permit those cultivars when approved or when proven to be interspecific hybrids.[18][21][23][25] The adjacent state of Washington has taken actions that are similar to those of Oregon to bring parity to nursery sales between the two states.[26] Monarch Watch recommends planting only male-sterile "Flutterby" cultivars.[27]
Non-invasive Buddleja cultivars

Vendors have marketed the following "non-invasive" Buddleja cultivars:

‘Asian Moon’[23][28]
Flutterby Flow® Lavender[29]
Flutterby Flow® Mauve Pink (Nectar Bush)[30]
Flutterby Grande® Blueberry Cobbler (Nectar Bush)[23][31]
Flutterby Grande® Peach Cobbler (Nectar Bush)[23][32]
Flutterby Grande® Sweet Marmalade (Nectar Bush)[23][33]
Flutterby Grande® Tangerine Dream (Nectar Bush)[23][34]
Flutterby Grande® Vanilla (Nectar Bush)[23][35]

Flutterby® Lavender (Nectar Bush)[36]
Flutterby® Peace (Nectar Bush)[37]
Flutterby Petite® Blue Heaven[38]
Flutterby Petite® Dark Pink[39]
Flutterby Petite® Fuchsia[40]
Flutterby Petite® Pink[41]
Flutterby Petite® Snow White[23][42]
Flutterby® Pink (Nectar Bush)[23][43]

Flutterby Petite® Tutti Fruitti Pink[44]
Inspired Pink® ('Pink Pagoda')[23][45]
Lo & Behold® ‘Blue Chip’[23][46]
Lo & Behold® 'Blue Chip Jr.'[23][47]
Lo & Behold® ‘Ice Chip’ (formerly ‘White Icing’)[23][48]
Lo & Behold® ‘Lilac Chip’[23][49]
Lo & Behold® 'Pink Micro Chip'[23][50]
Lo & Behold® ‘Purple Haze’ ('Purple Chip')[23][51]
‘Miss Molly’ ('Red Chip')[23][52]
‘Miss Ruby’[23][53]
'Miss Violet'[23][54]

Monarch butterfly feeding on a Buddleja flower, Connecticut, United States

Buddleja davidii flowers with painted lady, peacock and (underneath) small tortoiseshell butterflies

A snowberry clearwing moth carrying pollen on its proboscis while hovering at a Buddleja blossom

Close-up of purple Buddleja davidii cultivar flowers

Close-up of purple Buddleja davidii flowers photographed in visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light

Buddleja davidii 'White Profusion' cultivar flowers

Seed capsules

Seeds

Leaves

See also

Index: Buddleja — for Buddleja davidii cultivars.

References

Phillips, R. and Martin Rix, Shrubs, Macmillan, 1994, p210
"Buddleja davidii - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
Alice M. Coats, Garden Shrubs and Their Histories (1964) 1992, s.v. "Buddleia"
Hillier & Sons. (1990). Hillier's Manual of Trees & Shrubs, 5th ed.. p. 47. David & Charles, Newton Abbot. ISBN 0-7153-67447
Stuart, D. (2006). Buddlejas. pp 30–34. RHS Plant Collector Series, Timber Press, Oregon. ISBN 978-0-88192-688-0
Chen, G; Sun, W-B; Sun, H (2007). "Ploidy variation in Buddleja L. (Buddlejaceae) in the Sino - Himalayan region and its biogeographical implications". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 154 (3): 305–312. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00650.x.
Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1979) The Loganiaceae of Africa XVIII Buddleja L. II, Revision of the African & Asiatic species. H. Veenman & Zonen B. V., Wageningen, Nederland.
Li, P-T. & Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1996). Loganiaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 15. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. ISBN 978-0915279371 online at www.efloras.org
Zerbe, Leah (2018-06-18). "Why You Should Never Plant a Butterfly Bush Again". Good Housekeeping. Hearst Media. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
Gupta, Tanya (2014-07-15). "Buddleia: The plant that dominates Britain's railways". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
Stuart, D. D. (2006). Buddlejas. pp. 119 – 120. RHS Plant Guide. Timber Press, Oregon. ISBN 978-0-88192-688-0
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(2) Dhuill, E.N.; Smyth, N. (2021). "Invasive non-native and alien garden escape plant species on the southern cliffs of Howth, Co. Dublin (H21)". Irish Naturalists. 37 (2): 102–108.
(3) Tallent-Halsell, Nita G.; Watt, Michael S. (September 2009). "The Invasive Buddleja davidii (Butterfly Bush)". Botanical Review. New York: Springer. 75 (3): 292–325. doi:10.1007/s12229-009-9033-0. JSTOR 40389400. S2CID 46039523. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021 – via ResearchGate.
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Young-Mathews, Ann (2011). "Plant fact sheet for orange eye butterflybush (Buddleja davidii)" (PDF). Corvallis, Oregon: United States Department of Agriculture: Natural Resources Conservation Service: Corvallis Plant Materials Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 4, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
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(1) Renfro, Scott E.; Burkett, Brent M.; Dunn, Bruce L.; Lindstrom, Jon T. (October 2007). "'Asian Moon' Buddleja". HortScience. Alexandria, Virginia: American Society for Horticultural Science. 42 (6): 1486–1487. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.42.6.1486. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
(2) "Asian Moon Summer Lilac". Azusa, California: Monrovia Nursery Company. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
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(4) "Asian Moon Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x 'Asian Moon'". Garden Debut. Park Hill, Oklahoma: Greenleaf Nursery Company. Archived from the original on June 15, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
(5) "Asian Moon Sterile Butterfly Bush: Buddleia davidii 'Asian Moon'". Green County, Northeast Oklahoma: Sooner Plant Farm. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #12'". Google Patents. USPP22098P2. Archived from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Flow® Lavender Butterfly Bush". Azusa, California: Monrovia Nursery Company. 2021. Archived from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #7'". Google Patents. USPP22110P2. Archived from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
(2) "Buddleia Flutterby Flow® Mauve Pink". Ball Seed: Plant Information. West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Horticultural Company. August 17, 2021. Archived from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #4'". Google Patents. USPP22109P2. Archived from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Grande Blueberry Cobbler". Ball Seed: Plant Information. West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Horticultural Company. August 17, 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(3) "Fluttery Grande® Blueberry Cobbler Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x 'Blueberry Cobbler'". Green County, Northeast Oklahoma: Sooner Plant Farm. Archived from the original on March 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #5'". Google Patents. September 13, 2011. USPP22144P2. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Grande® Peach Cobbler". Ball Seed: Plant Information. West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Horticultural Company. August 17, 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #2'". Google Patents. August 17, 2021. USPP22109P2. Archived from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Grande® Sweet Marmalade". Ball Seed: Plant Information. West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Horticultural Company. August 17, 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #3'". Google Patents. USPP22081P2. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Grande® Tangerine Dream". Ball Seed: Plant Information. West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Horticultural Company. August 17, 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #1'". Google Patents. USPP22080P2. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Grande® Vanilla Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x 'Vanilla'". Keys, Oklahoma: Sooner Plant Farm, Inc. 2021. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(3) "Flutterby Grande® Vanilla". Ball Seed: Plant Information. West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Horticultural Company. August 17, 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #11'". Google Patents. USPP22067P2. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby® Lavender (Nectar Bush)". Ball Seed: Plant Information. West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Horticultural Company. August 17, 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(3) "Flutterby® Lavender". Hardy Hybrids. Longstock, Hampshire, England: Longstock Park Nursery: National Plant Collection: The Buddleia National Collection. 2016. Accession Number B187. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #6'". Google Patents. USPP22142P2. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
(2) "Buddleia Flutterby® Peace". Ball Seed: Plant Information. West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Horticultural Company. August 17, 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #8'". Google Patents. USPP22069P2. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Petite® Blue Heaven Butterfly Bush". Azusa, California: Monrovia Nursery Company. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(3) "Free Petite® Blue Heaven". Hardy Hybrids. Longstock, Hampshire, England: Longstock Park Nursery: National Plant Collection: The Buddleia National Collection. Accession Number B208. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #10'". Google Patents. USPP22066P2. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Petite® Dark Pink Butterfly Bush: Buddleia davidii 'Podaras 10'". Hopkinton, Massachusetts: Weston Nurseries. Archived from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #14'". Google Patents. USPP22367P2. Archived from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #16'". Google Patents. USPP22108P2. Archived from the original on August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Petite® Pink Butterfly Bush". Azusa, California: Monrovia Nursery Company. 2021. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #15'". Google Patents. USPP22143P2. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Petite® Snow White Butterfly Bush". Azusa, California: Monrovia Nursery Company. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
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(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #9'". Google Patents. USPP22065P2. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
(2) "Buddleia Flutterby® Pink". Ball Seed: Plant Information. West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Horticultural Company. August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Podaras #13'". Google Patents. USPP22177P2. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
(2) "Flutterby Petite® Tutti Fruitti Pink Butterfly Bush". Azusa, California: Monrovia Nursery Company. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
"Buddleia Inspired Pink® ('Pink Pagoda')". Lebanon, Connecticut: Prides Corner Farms. 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Blue Chip'". Google Patents. USPP19991P3. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
(2) "Buddleja Lo & Behold® 'Blue Chip'". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
(3) "Lo & Behold® 'Blue Chip' Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x". DeKalb, Illinois: Proven Winners North America LLC. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Blue Chip Jr'". Google Patents. USPP26581P3. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
(2) "Buddleja Lo & Behold® 'Blue Chip Jr.'". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
(3) "Lo & Behold® 'Blue Chip Jr.' Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x". DeKalb, Illinois: Proven Winners North America LLC. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Ice Chip'". Google Patents. USPP24015P3. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
(2) "Buddleja Lo & Behold® 'Ice Chip'". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
(3) Werner, Dennis J.; Snelling, Layne K. (2011). "'Purple Haze', 'Miss Molly', and 'Ice Chip' Buddleja". HortScience. Alexandria, Virginia: American Society for Horticultural Science. 46 (9): 1330–1332. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.9.1330. ISSN 2327-9834. LCCN 85644626. OCLC 768085913. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
(4) "Lo & Behold® 'Ice Chip' Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x". DeKalb, Illinois: Proven Winners North America LLC. 2021. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Lilac Chip'". Google Patents. USPP24016P3. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
(2) "Buddleja Lo & Behold® 'Lilac Chip'". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
(3) "Lo & Behold® 'Lilac Chip' Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x". DeKalb, Illinois: Proven Winners North America LLC. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Pink Micro Chip'". Google Patents. USPP26547P3. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
(2) "Buddleja Lo & Behold® 'Pink Micro Chip'". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
(3) "Lo & Behold® 'Pink Micro Chip' Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x". DeKalb, Illinois: Proven Winners North America LLC. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Purple Haze'". Google Patents. USPP24514P2. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
(2) "Buddleja Lo & Behold® 'Purple Haze'". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
(3) Werner, Dennis J.; Snelling, Layne K. (2011). "'Purple Haze', 'Miss Molly', and 'Ice Chip' Buddleja". HortScience. Alexandria, Virginia: American Society for Horticultural Science. 46 (9): 1330–1332. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.9.1330. ISSN 2327-9834. LCCN 85644626. OCLC 768085913. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
(4) "Lo & Behold® 'Purple Haze' Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x". DeKalb, Illinois: Proven Winners North America LLC. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Miss Molly'". Google Patents. USPP23425P2. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
(2) "Buddleja 'Miss Molly'". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
(3) Werner, Dennis J.; Snelling, Layne K. (2011). "'Purple Haze', 'Miss Molly', and 'Ice Chip' Buddleja". HortScience. Alexandria, Virginia: American Society for Horticultural Science. 46 (9): 1330–1332. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.9.1330. ISSN 2327-9834. LCCN 85644626. OCLC 768085913. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
(4) "'Miss Molly' Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x". DeKalb, Illinois: Proven Winners North America LLC. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Miss Ruby'". Google Patents. USPP19950P3. Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
(2) "Buddleja 'Miss Ruby'". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
(3) Werner, Dennis J.; Snelling, Layne K. (2009). "'Blue Chip' and 'Miss Ruby'". HortScience. Alexandria, Virginia: American Society for Horticultural Science. 44 (3): 841–842. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.44.3.841. ISSN 2327-9834. LCCN 85644626. OCLC 768085913. Archived from the original on August 10, 2010. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
(4) "'Miss Ruby' Butterfly Bush: Buddleia x". Proven Winners North America LLC. 2021. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

(1) "Buddleja plant named 'Miss Violet'". Google Patents. USPP28448P3. Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
(2) "'Miss Violet' Butterfly bush: Buddleia x". DeKalb, Illinois: Proven Winners North America LLC. 2021. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.

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