Berkheya

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Vernonioideae
Tribus: Arctotideae
Subtribus: Gorteriinae
Genus: Berkheya
Species: B. acanthopoda – B. angolensis – B. angusta – B. angustifolia – B. annectens – B. armata – B. barbata – B. bergiana – B. bipinnatifida – B. buphtalmoides – B. caffra – B. canescens – B. cardopatifolia – B. carduoides – B. carlinifolia – B. carlinoides – B. carlinopsis – B. chamaepeuce – B. chiesiana – B. chrysanthemoides – B. cirsiifolia – B. coddii – B. coriacea – B. cruciata – B. cuneata – B. debilis – B. decurrens – B. densifolia – B. discolor – B. draco – B. dregei – B. echinacea – B. eriobasis – B. erysithales – B. ferox – B. francisci – B. fruticosa – B. glabrata – B. griquana – B. herbacea – B. heterophylla – B. insignis – B. jardineana – B. johnstoniana – B. latifolia – B. leucaugeta – B. mackenii – B. macrocephala – B. maritima – B. milleriana – B. montana – B. multijuga – B. nivea – B. onobromoides – B. onopordifolia – B. pannosa – B. pauciflora – B. pinnatifida – B. purpurea – B. radula – B. radyeri – B. rhapontica – B. rigida – B. robusta – B. rosulata – B. seminivea – B. setifera – B. speciosa – B. spekeana – B. sphaerocephala – B. spinosa – B. spinosissima – B. subulata – B. tysonii – B. umbellata – B. viscosa – B. welwitschii – B. zeyheri
Source(s) of checklist:

Hassler, M. 2018. Berkheya. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 19. Reference page.

Name

Berkheya Ehrh., 1784
References

Ehrhart, J.F., Neues Magazin fur Aerzte 6: 303. 1784.

Links
Hassler, M. 2018. Berkheya. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 19. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Berkheya. Published online. Accessed: May 19 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Berkheya in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 19.
Tropicos.org 2018. Berkheya. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 May 19

Berkheya is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, and the subfamily Carduoideae, the thistles. It is distributed in tropical Africa, especially in southern regions.[1] Of about 75 species, 71 can be found in South Africa.[2]

Most species have yellow ray florets, a few have white, and B. purpurea has light purple or mauve florets.[1]

B. purpurea is cultivated as an ornamental plant.[1] Some Berkheya are known as weeds.[3]

B. coddii is a well-known hyperaccumulator. Concentration of Ni as the leaves of this species may reach 7.6% DW Ni.

The genus was named in honor of the Dutch scientist and artist Johannes le Francq van Berkhey.[4]

Berkheya are associated with a variety of weevils in the genus Larinus. The tephritid fruit fly Urophora agromyzella is also found on the plants.[3]

Species

Species include:[5][6]

Berkheya acanthopoda
Berkheya angusta
Berkheya angustifolia
Berkheya annectens – thistle-thorn
Berkheya armata
Berkheya barbata
Berkheya bergiana
Berkheya bipinnatifida
Berkheya caffra
Berkheya canescens
Berkheya cardopatifolia
Berkheya carduoides
Berkheya carlinifolia
Berkheya carlinoides
Berkheya carlinopsis
Berkheya chamaepeuce
Berkheya cirsiifolia
Berkheya coddii
Berkheya coriacea
Berkheya cruciata
Berkheya cuneata
Berkheya debilis
Berkheya decurrens
Berkheya densifolia
Berkheya discolor
Berkheya draco
Berkheya dregei
Berkheya echinacea
Berkheya eriobasis
Berkheya erysithales
Berkheya ferox
Berkheya francisci
Berkheya fruticosa
Berkheya glabrata – yellow thistle
Berkheya griquana
Berkheya herbacea
Berkheya heterophylla
Berkheya insignis
Berkheya latifolia
Berkheya leucaugeta
Berkheya mackenii
Berkheya macrocephala
Berkheya maritima
Berkheya montana
Berkheya multijuga
Berkheya nivea
Berkheya onobromoides
Berkheya onopordifolia
Berkheya pannosa
Berkheya pauciflora
Berkheya pinnatifida
Berkheya purpurea – purple berkheya
Berkheya radula
Berkheya radyeri
Berkheya rhapontica
Berkheya rigida – Augusta thistle, Hamelin thistle
Berkheya robusta
Berkheya rosulata
Berkheya seminivea
Berkheya setifera
Berkheya speciosa
Berkheya sphaerocephala
Berkheya spinosa
Berkheya spinosissima
Berkheya subulata
Berkheya tysonii
Berkheya umbellata
Berkheya viscosa
Berkheya zeyheri

Gallery

Berkheya armata

Berkheya cirsiifolia

Berkheya purpurea

Berkheya radula

Phylogeny

Comparison of DNA has indicated that Berkheya in its current composition is paraphyletic because some of its species are more related to Cullumia, Cuspidia, Didelta and Heterorhachis than all species currently recognised as Berkeya among each other.[7]

References

Hind, N. (2006). 568. Berkheya purpurea. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Curtis's Botanical Magazine 23(4), 289-96.
Funk, V. A. and R. Chan. (2008). Phylogeny of the spiny African daisies (Compositae, tribe Arctotideae, subtribe Gorteriinae) based on trnL-F, ndhF, and ITS sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48(1), 47-60.
Clark, M. M. A comparison between the flower-head insect communities of South African Berkheya and European Cynareae. In: Proceedings of the VIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. (pp. 165-170). Istituto Sperimentale per la Vegetale, Ministero dell'Agricoltura e delle Foreste. 1990.
Quattrocchi, Umberto (2017). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Routledge.
Berkheya. The Plant List.
Species listing: Berkheya. Red List of South African Plants. South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).
Phaliso, Ntombifikile; McKenzie, Robert James; Netnou-Nkoana, Noluthando C.; Karis, Per Ola; Barker, Nigel P. (2016). "Reassessing taxonomic relationships in the Berkheya clade (Asteraceae, Arctotideae-Gorteriinae): The utility of Achene morphology". Phytotaxa. 246 (1): 1–22.