Asparagaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Asparagaceae
Subfamiliae: Agavoideae - Aphyllanthoideae - Asparagoideae - Brodiaeoideae - Lomandroideae - Nolinoideae - Scilloideae
Genera: Acanthocarpus – Agave – Albuca – Alrawia – Androstephium – Anemarrhena – Anthericum – Aphyllanthes – Arthropodium – Asparagus – Aspidistra – Barnardia – Beaucarnea – Behnia – Bellevalia – Beschorneria – Bessera – Bloomeria – Bowiea – Brimeura – Brodiaea – Calibanus – Camassia – Chamaescilla – Chamaexeros – Chlorogalum – Chlorophytum – Clara – Comospermum – Convallaria – Cordyline – Danae – Dandya – Dasylirion – Daubenya – Desertia – Diamena – Dichelostemma – Dichopogon – Diora – Dipcadi – Disporopsis – Diuranthera – Dracaena – Drimia – Drimiopsis – Echeandia – Eremocrinum – Eriospermum – Eucomis – Eustrephus – Fessia – Furcraea – Fusifilum – Hagenbachia – Hastingsia – Hemiphylacus – Herreria – Herreriopsis – Hesperaloe – Hesperocallis – Hesperoyucca – Heteropolygonatum – Hosta – Hyacinthella – Hyacinthoides – Hyacinthus – Jaimehintonia – Lachenalia – Laxmannia – Ledebouria – Leopoldia – Leucocrinum – Liriope – Lomandra – Maianthemum – Manfreda – Massonia – Merwilla – Milla – Muilla – Murchisonia – Muscari – Namophila – Nolina – Ophiopogon – Ornithogalum – Oziroe – Paradisea – Peliosanthes – Petronymphe – Polianthes – Polygonatum – Prochnyanthes – Prospero – Pseudogaltonia – Pseudomuscari – Pseudoprospero – Puschkinia – Reineckea – Resnova – Rohdea – Romnalda – Ruscus – Sansevieria – Schizobasis – Schizocarphus – Schoenolirion – Scilla – Semele – Sowerbaea – Speirantha – Spetaea – Theropogon – Thysanotus – Trichopetalum – Trihesperus – Triteleia – Triteleiopsis – Tupistra – Veltheimia – Whiteheadia – Xerolirion – Yucca – Zagrosia

Name

Asparagaceae Juss., Gen. Pl. 40. (1789) nom. cons.
Typus: Asparagus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 313–314. (1753)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Agavaceae Dumort.
Anemarrhenaceae Conran, M.W.Chase & Rudall
Anthericaceae J.Agardh
Aphyllanthaceae Burnett
Aspidistraceae Hassk.
Behniaceae Conran, M.W.Chase & Rudall
Chlorogalaceae Doweld & Reveal
Convallariaceae Horan.
Dracaenaceae Salisb.
Eriospermaceae Orb.
Eustrephaceae Chupov
Herreriaceae Kunth
Hesperocallidaceae Traub
Hostaceae B.Mathew
Hyacinthaceae Batsch ex Borkh.
Lachenaliaceae Salisb.
Laxmanniaceae Bubani
Lomandraceae Lotsy
Nolinaceae Nakai
Ophiopogonaceae Meissn.
Ornithogalaceae Salisb.
Peliosanthaceae Salisb.
Polygonataceae Salisb.
Ruscaceae M.Roem.
Sansevieriaceae Nakai
Scillaceae Vest
Themidaceae Salisb.
Tupistraceae Schnizl.
Yuccaceae J.Agardh

References

Jussieu, A.L. de 1789. Genera Plantarum 40.
Chase, M.W., Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. 2009. A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 132–136. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x Reference page.
Fay, M.F. et al. 2000. Phylogenetic studies of Asparagales based on four plastid DNA regions. Pp. 360-371, in Wilson, K.L., & Morrison, D.A. (eds), Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO, Collingwood.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2014. Asparagaceae in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2014 Aug 12. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2013. Asparagaceae. Published online. Accessed: 16 Sept. 2013.
Kim, J.H., Kim, D.K., Forest, F., Fay, M.F., & Chase, M.W. 2010. Molecular phylogenetics of Ruscaceae sensu lato and related families (Asparagales) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. Annals of Botany, 106(5): 775–790. Full text PDF
Lohmüller, F.A. 2005. The Botanical System of the Plants[1].
Pires JC, Maureira IJ, Givnish TJ, et al. 2006. Phylogeny, genome size, and chromosome evolution of Asparagales. In: Columbus JT, Friar EA, Hamilton CW, Porter JM, Prince LM, Simpson MG eds. Monocots: 786 Kim et al. — Molecular phylogenetics of Ruscaceae comparative biology and evolution. Claremont, CA: Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 287–304
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2013. Asparagaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2013 Sept. 16.

Vernacular names
العربية: هليونية
asturianu: Asparagacees
azərbaycanca: Quşqonmazkimilər
беларуская: Спаржавыя
català: Asparagàcies
čeština: Chřestovité
dansk: Asparges-familien
Deutsch: Spargelgewächse
English: Asparagus family
Esperanto: Asparagacoj
español: Asparagáceas
eesti: Asparilised
فارسی: مارچوبگان
suomi: Parsakasvit
Nordfriisk: Spargelplaanten
français: Asparagacées
hrvatski: Šparogovke
hornjoserbsce: Hromakowe rostliny
magyar: Spárgafélék
Bahasa, Indonesia: Suku asparagus-asparagusan
italiano: Asparagacee
日本語: キジカクシ科, クサスギカズラ科, アスパラガス科
қазақша: Қасқыржемдер тұқымдасы
한국어: 비짜루과, 아스파라거스과
kurdî: Famîleya çavmarkan
lietuvių: Smidriniai
македонски: Шпаргли
മലയാളം: അസ്പരാഗേസീ
Nederlands: Aspergefamilie
norsk: Aspargesfamilien
polski: Szparagowate
português: Asparagaceas
Runa Simi: Isparaw yura rikch'aq ayllu
русский: Спаржевые
slovenčina: Asparágovité
svenska: Sparrisväxter
తెలుగు: ఆస్పరాగేసి
ไทย: วงศ์หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง
Türkçe: Kuşkonmazgiller
українська: Холодкові
oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча: Chuchmomadoshlar
Tiếng Việt: Họ Măng tây
中文（简体）: 天门冬科
中文（繁體）: 天門冬科

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Asparagaceae, known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.[1] Its best known member is Asparagus officinalis, garden asparagus.

Taxonomy

In earlier classification systems, the species involved were often treated as belonging to the family Liliaceae. The APG II system of 2003 allowed two options as to the circumscription of the family: either Asparagaceae sensu lato ("in the wider sense") combining seven previously recognized families, or Asparagaceae sensu stricto ("in the strict sense") consisting of very few genera (notably Asparagus, also Hemiphylacus), but nevertheless totalling a few hundred species. The revised APG III system of 2009 allows only the broader sense. A paper published at the same time proposed seven subfamilies to correspond to the originally separate families.[2] These are:

subfamily Agavoideae = family Agavaceae and family Hesperocallidaceae (the agaves, yuccas, joshua trees)
subfamily Aphyllanthoideae = family Aphyllanthaceae
subfamily Asparagoideae = family Asparagaceae sensu stricto
subfamily Brodiaeoideae = family Themidaceae
subfamily Lomandroideae = family Laxmanniaceae
subfamily Nolinoideae = family Ruscaceae
subfamily Scilloideae = family Hyacinthaceae (hyacinths, bluebells, and squills)

Genera

Asparagaceae includes 114 genera with a total of approximately 2,900 known species.[3] Unless otherwise noted, the alphabetical list below is based on genera accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as in the family Asparagaceae (with synonyms from the same source).[4] The reference against the subfamily name is to the source which places the genus in that subfamily.
Asparagaceae genera[4] Subfamily Genus
Lomandroideae[5] Acanthocarpus Lehm.
Agavoideae[6] Agave L.
Scilloideae[7] Albuca L. (sometimes included in Ornithogalum[7])
Scilloideae[7] Alrawia (Wendelbo) Perss. & Wendelbo
Brodiaeoideae[6] Androstephium Torr.
Agavoideae[6] Anemarrhena Bunge
Agavoideae[6] Anthericum L.
Aphyllanthoideae[6] Aphyllanthes L.
Lomandroideae[6] Arthropodium R.Br.
Asparagoideae[6] Asparagus Tourn. ex L.
Nolinoideae[6] Aspidistra Ker Gawl. (including Antherolophus Gagnep., Colania Gagnep.)
Scilloideae[7] Barnardia Lindl.
Nolinoideae[7] Beaucarnea Lem.
Agavoideae[6] Behnia Didr.
Scilloideae[7] Bellevalia Lapeyr. (including Strangweja Bertol.)
Agavoideae[6] Beschorneria Kunth
Brodiaeoideae[6] Bessera Schult.f. (including Behria)
Brodiaeoideae[6] Bloomeria Kellogg
Scilloideae[7] Bowiea Harv. ex Hook.f. (Climbing Onion, Sea Onion)
Scilloideae[7] Brimeura Salisb.
Brodiaeoideae[6] Brodiaea Sm.
Nolinoideae[6] Calibanus Rose
Agavoideae[6] Camassia Lindl.
Nolinoideae[7] Campylandra Baker
Lomandroideae[6] Chamaescilla F.Muell. ex Benth.
Lomandroideae[7] Chamaexeros Benth.
Scilloideae[7] Chionodoxa Boiss. (included in Scilla L. by some sources)
Agavoideae[6] Chlorogalum (Lindl.) Kunth
Agavoideae[6] Chlorophytum Ker Gawl.
Nolinoideae[6] Comospermum Rauschert
Nolinoideae[6] Convallaria L.
Lomandroideae[6] Cordyline Comm. ex R.Br. (including Cohnia Kunth)
Nolinoideae[6] Danae Medik.
Brodiaeoideae[6] Dandya H.E.Moore
Nolinoideae[5] Dasylirion Zucc.
Scilloideae[7] Daubenya Lindl. (including Amphisiphon W.F.Barker, Androsiphon Schltr.)
Agavoideae[7] Diamena Ravenna
Brodiaeoideae[6] Dichelostemma Kunth (including Brevoortia, Stropholirion)
Lomandroideae[7] Dichopogon Kunth (may be included in Arthropodium)
Agavoideae[7] Diora Ravenna
Scilloideae[7] Dipcadi Medik. (sometimes included in Ornithogalum[7])
Brodiaeoideae[7] Dipterostemon Rydb.
Nolinoideae[7] Disporopsis Hance
Nolinoideae[6] Dracaena Vand. ex L.
Scilloideae[7] Drimia Jacq. (including Litanthus Harv., Rhadamanthus Salisb., Rhodocodon Baker, Sypharissa Salisb., Tenicroa Raf., Thuranthos C.H.Wright, Urginea Steinh., Urgineopsis Compton)
Scilloideae[7] Drimiopsis Lindl. & Paxton (sometimes included in Ledebouria[7])
Agavoideae[6] Echeandia Ortega
Agavoideae[5] Eremocrinum M.E.Jones
Nolinoideae[6] Eriospermum Jacq.
Scilloideae[7] Eucomis L'Hér.
Lomandroideae[6] Eustrephus R.Br.
Agavoideae[5] Furcraea Vent.
Scilloideae[7] Galtonia Decne. (included in Ornithogalum L. by some sources)
Agavoideae[7] Hagenbachia Nees & Mart.
Agavoideae[6] Hastingsia S.Watson
Asparagoideae[6] Hemiphylacus S.Watson
Agavoideae[6] Herreria Ruiz & Pav.
Agavoideae[6] Herreriopsis H.Perrier
Agavoideae[7] Hesperaloe Engelm. in S.Watson
Agavoideae[6] Hesperocallis A.Gray
Agavoideae[7] Hesperoyucca (Engelm.) Trel. (included in Yucca by some sources)
Nolinoideae[7] Heteropolygonatum M.N.Tamura & Ogisu
Agavoideae[6] Hosta Tratt.
Scilloideae[7] Hyacinthella Schur
Scilloideae[7] Hyacinthoides Heist. ex Fabr. (including Endymion Dumort.)
Scilloideae[7] Hyacinthus Tourn. ex L.
Scilloideae[7] Lachenalia Jacq. ex Murray (including Brachyscypha Baker, Periboea Kunth, Polyxena Kunth)
Lomandroideae[6] Laxmannia R.Br. (including Bartlingia F. Mueller)
Scilloideae[7] Ledebouria Roth (including Resnova van der Merwe[7])
Scilloideae[7] Leopoldia Parl.
Agavoideae[6] Leucocrinum Nutt. ex A.Gray
Nolinoideae[5] Liriope Lour.
Lomandroideae[6] Lomandra Labill. (including Xerotes R. Brown)
Nolinoideae[6] Maianthemum F.H.Wigg. (including Oligobotrya Baker, Smilacina Desf.)
Agavoideae[5] Manfreda Salisb. (included in Agave by some sources)
Scilloideae[7] Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. (including Neobakeria Schltr., Whiteheadia Harv.)
Scilloideae[7] Merwilla Speta
Brodiaeoideae[6] Milla Cav. (including Diphalangium)
Brodiaeoideae[6] Muilla S.Watson ex Benth.
Lomandroideae[7] Murchisonia Brittan
Scilloideae[7] Muscari Mill. (including Botryanthus Kunth, Muscarimia Kostel., Pseudomuscari Garbari & Greuter)
Nolinoideae[6] Nolina Michx.
Nolinoideae[6] Ophiopogon Ker Gawl.
Scilloideae[7] Ornithogalum L. (including Battandiera Maire, Elsiea F.M.Leight., Neopatersonia Schonl.)
Scilloideae[7] Oziroe Raf. (including Fortunatia J.F.Macbr.)
Agavoideae[6] Paradisea Mazzuc.
Nolinoideae[6] Peliosanthes Andrews
Brodiaeoideae[6] Petronymphe H.E.Moore
Agavoideae[5] Polianthes L. (included in Agave by some sources)
Nolinoideae[6] Polygonatum Mill.
Agavoideae[7] Prochnyanthes S.Watson
Scilloideae[7] Prospero Salisb.
Scilloideae[7] Pseudogaltonia (Kuntze) Engl. (sometimes included in Ornithogalum[7])
Scilloideae[7] Pseudoprospero Speta
Scilloideae[7] Puschkinia Adams
Nolinoideae[7] Reineckea Kunth
Nolinoideae[7] Rohdea Roth (including Gonioscypha Baker)
Lomandroideae[7] Romnalda P.F.Stevens
Nolinoideae[6] Ruscus L.
Nolinoideae[5] Sansevieria Thunb.
Scilloideae[7] Schizobasis Baker (sometimes included in Drimia[7])
Scilloideae[7] Schizocarphus van der Merwe
Agavoideae[6] Schoenolirion Durand
Scilloideae[7] Scilla L.
Nolinoideae[6] Semele Kunth
Lomandroideae[7] Sowerbaea Sm.
Nolinoideae[6] Speirantha Baker
Scilloideae[7] Spetaea Wetschnig & Pfosser
Nolinoideae[7] Theropogon Maxim.
Lomandroideae[6] Thysanotus R.Br.
Lomandroideae[7] Trichopetalum Lindl. (including Bottinaea Colla)
Brodiaeoideae[6] Triteleia Douglas ex Lindl. (including Hesperoscordium, Themis)
Brodiaeoideae[6] Triteleiopsis Hoover
Nolinoideae[6] Tupistra Ker Gawl. (including Campylandra Baker, Tricalistra Ridl.)
Scilloideae[7] Veltheimia Gled.
Lomandroideae[6] Xerolirion A.S.George
Agavoideae[6] Yucca L. (including Samuela)
References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x
Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
WCSP (2011), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, archived from the original on March 7, 2012, retrieved 2011-05-25
Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, archived from the original on 2011-06-03, retrieved 2011-05-29
Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x

"Query GRIN Taxonomy for Plants". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-05-30.

Bibliography

Pires, J. C.; Sytsma, K. J. (1 August 2002). "A phylogenetic evaluation of a biosystematic framework: Brodiaea and related petaloid monocots (Themidaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 89 (8): 1342–1359. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.8.1342. PMID 21665737.