Aristida adscensionis

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Aristidoideae
Tribus: Aristideae
Genus: Aristida
Species: Aristida adscensionis
Name

Aristida adscensionis L., Sp. Pl.: 82 (1753)
Synonyms

Homotypic
Chaetaria adscensionis (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30 (1812)
Aristida adscensionis var. typica Stapf in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 7: 224 (1896), nom. inval.
Aristida adscensionis var. normalis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 340 (1898), nom. inval.
Arthratherum adscensionis (L.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 74 (1971), no basionym ref.
Heterotypic
Aristida paniculata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 25 (1775).
Aristida gigantea L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 113 (1782).
Aristida depressa Retz., Observ. Bot. 4: 22 (1786).
Aristida coerulescens Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 109 (1798).
Aristida interrupta Cav., Icon. 5: 45 (1799).
Aristida luzoniensis Cav., Icon. 5: 45 (1799).
Aristida elatior Cav., Icon. 6: 65 (1801).
Aristida racemosa Spreng., Mant. Prim. Fl. Hal.: 35 (1807).
Aristida canariensis Willd., Enum. Pl.: 99 (1809).
Aristida festucoides Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 1: 453 (1811).
Chaetaria canariensis (Willd.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30 (1812).
Chaetaria coerulescens (Desf.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30 (1812).
Chaetaria depressa (Retz.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30 (1812).
Chaetaria elatior (Cav.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30 (1812).
Chaetaria festucoides (Poir.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30, 152, 158 (1812).
Chaetaria gigantea (L.f.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30 (1812).
Chaetaria interrupta (Cav.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30 (1812).
Chaetaria luzoniensis (Cav.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30, 152, 158 (1812).
Chaetaria teneriffae P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 30, 158 (1812), nom. nud.
Aristida bromoides Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 121 (1816).
Aristida coarctata Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 122 (1816).
Aristida corctata Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 122 (1816).
Aristida humilis Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 121 (1816).
Chaetaria bromoides (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 396 (1817).
Chaetaria coarctata (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 396 (1817).
Chaetaria humilis (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 396 (1817).
Aristida fasciculata Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1: 154 (1824).
Aristida submucronata Schumach. & Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 47 (1827).
Chaetaria fasciculata (Torr.) Schult. & Schult.f., Mant. 3(Add. 1): 578 (1827).
Aristida mauritiana Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 265 (1830).
Aristida nigrescens J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 223 (1830).
Aristida pumila Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 4: 85 (1835).
Aristida nutans Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 131 (1840), pro syn.
Aristida setacea Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 132 (1840), pro syn.
Chaetaria nana Nees ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 340 (1840), pro syn.
Chaetaria curvata Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 186 (1841).
Chaetaria forskalii Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 188 (1841), nom. superfl.
Chaetaria mauritiana (Kunth) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 188 (1841).
Chaetaria mauritiana var. nana Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 188 (1841).
Aristida abyssinica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 134 (1842).
Aristida aethiopica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 134 (1842).
Aristida arabica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 135 (1842).
Aristida confusa Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 134 (1842).
Aristida depressa var. bromoides (Kunth) Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 130 (1842).
Aristida depressa var. coarctata (Kunth) Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 130 (1842).
Aristida dispersa Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 129 (1842).
Aristida dispersa var. bromoides (Kunth) Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 130 (1842).
Aristida dispersa var. coarctata (Kunth) Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 130 (1842).
Aristida dispersa var. humilis (Kunth) Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 129 (1842).
Aristida dispersa var. nana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 129 (1842).
Aristida dispersa var. nigrescens (J.Presl) Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 130 (1842).
Aristida ehrenbergii Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 136 (1842).
Aristida guineensis Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 137 (1842).
Aristida mongholica Trin., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 133 (1842).
Aristida pusilla Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 140 (1842).
Aristida pygmaea Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 133 (1842).
Aristida spicigera Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 136 (1842).
Aristida strictiflora Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 134 (1842).
Aristida thonningii Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 137 (1842).
Aristida vulgaris Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 131 (1842), nom. superfl.
Aristida vulgaris var. abyssinica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 134 (1842).
Aristida vulgaris var. aethiopica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 134 (1842).
Aristida vulgaris var. canariensis (Willd.) Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 132 (1842).
Aristida vulgaris var. coerulescens (Desf.) Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 135 (1842).
Aristida vulgaris var. mongholica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 133 (1842).
Aristida vulgaris var. pumila (Decne.) Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 135 (1842).
Aristida vulgaris var. senegalensis Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 135 (1842).
Aristida laxa Willd. ex Trin. & Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7: 130 (1849), pro syn.
Aristida curvata var. abyssinica A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 392 (1850).
Aristida mauritiana Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 392 (1850), nom. illeg.
Aristida curvata (Nees) Nees ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 392 (1851).
Aristida chaetophylla Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 420 (1854).
Aristida maritima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 137 (1854).
Aristida modatica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 139 (1854).
Aristida nana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 138 (1854).
Aristida simplicissima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 139 (1854).
Aristida swartziana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 137 (1854).
Aristida teneriffae Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 420 (1854).
Aristida adscensionis var. pumila (Decne.) Coss. & Durieu in M.C.Durieu de Maisonneuve, Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 84 (1855).
Aristida macrochloa Hochst., Flora 38: 200 (1855).
Aristida vulpioides Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5, 5: 251 (1866).
Aristida coerulescens var. pumila (Decne.) Döll in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(3): 16 (1878).
Aristida grisebachiana E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 78 (1886).
Aristida grisebachiana var. decolorata E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 78 (1886).
Aristida schaffneri E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 78 (1886).
Aristida adscensionis var. aethiopica (Trin. & Rupr.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 799 (1894).
Aristida adscensionis var. canariensis (Willd.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 799 (1894).
Aristida adscensionis var. pygmaea (Trin. & Rupr.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 800 (1894).
Aristida adscensionis var. senegalensis (Trin. & Rupr.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 800 (1894).
Aristida adscensionis var. strictiflora (Trin. & Rupr.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 800 (1894).
Aristida coerulescens var. breviaristata Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2(App. 2): 27 (1894).
Aristida adscensionis var. coarctata (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 340 (1898).
Aristida adscensionis var. humilis (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 340 (1898).
Aristida americana var. bromoides (Kunth) Scribn. & Merr., Circ. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 32: 5 (1901).
Aristida adscensionis var. coerulescens (Desf.) Hack., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 90 (1904).
Aristida adscensionis subvar. condensata Hack., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 91 (1904).
Aristida adscensionis var. modesta Hack., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 89 (1904).
Aristida adscensionis var. scabriflora Hack., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 89 (1904).
Aristida adscensionis var. breviseta Hack., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 13: 449 (1906).
Aristida adscensionis f. modesta Hack., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 13: 450 (1906), nom. nud.
Aristida cardosoi Cout., Herb. Gorg. Cat. 1: 273 (1914).
Aristida viciosorum Pau, Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 11 (1918).
Aristida debilis Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 151 (1921).
Aristida adscensionis var. bromoides (Kunth) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 62 (1926).
Aristida adscensionis var. condensata (Hack.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 13 (1926).
Aristida adscensionis var. ehrenbergii (Trin. & Rupr.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 158 (1926).
Aristida adscensionis var. festucoides (Poir.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 177 (1926).
Aristida adscensionis subsp. guineensis (Trin. & Rupr.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 216 (1926).
Aristida adscensionis var. mexicana Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54A: 265 (1927), pro syn.
Aristida adscensionis var. spigera (Trin. & Rupr.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54B: 585 (1928).
Aristida curvata var. nana (Nees) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 487 (1928).
Aristida submucronata var. scabra Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 487 (1928).
Aristida adscensionis subsp. bromoides (Kunth) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58A: 322 (1932).
Aristida adscensionis var. guineensis (Trin. & Rupr.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58A: 325 (1932).
Aristida coerulescens var. arabica Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58A: 310 (1932).
Aristida coerulescens var. exilis Schweinf. ex Blatt., Fl. Arab.: 497 (1936).
Aristida adscensionis var. glabricallis Maire & Weiller, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 90 (1942).
Aristida coerulescens var. laevilemma Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 61 (1953).
Aristida coerulescens var. scabrilemma Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 61 (1953), nom. inval.
Aristida adscensionis subsp. heymannii (Regel) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 74 (1971).
Arthratherum adscensionis subsp. heymannii (Regel) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 74 (1971), nom. inval.
Aristida adscensionis var. abortiva A.Beetle, Phytologia 28: 315 (1974).
Aristida adscensionis var. decolorata (E.Fourn.) Beetle, Phytologia 28: 317 (1974).
Aristida adscensionis var. interrupta (Cav.) Beetle, Phytologia 28: 318 (1974).
Aristida adscensionis var. nigrescens (J.Presl) Beetle, Phytologia 38: 318 (1974).
Aristida peruviana Beetle, Phytologia 30: 348 (1975).
Aristida adscensionis subsp. coerulescens (Desf.) Bourreil & Trouin ex Auquier & J.Duvign., Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 16: 134 (1976).
Aristida stricta var. decolorans E.Fourn. ex Dávila & Sánchez-Ken, Fl. Valle Tehuacán-Cuicatlán 3: 9 (1994), pro syn.
Aristida stricta var. grisebachiana E.Fourn. ex Dávila & Sánchez-Ken, Fl. Valle Tehuacán-Cuicatlán 3: 10 (1994), pro syn.
Aristida mauritiana var. glabripetala Sands, Kew Bull. 56: 29 (2001).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Tropics & Subtropics
Afghanistan; Algeria; Andaman Is.; Angola; Argentina Northeast; Argentina Northwest; Arizona; Aruba; Ascension; Bahamas; Bangladesh; Benin; Bolivia; Botswana; Brazil North; Brazil Northeast; Brazil Southeast; Brazil West-Central; Burkina; Burundi; California; Cameroon; Canary Is.; Cape Provinces; Cape Verde; Chad; Chile Central; Chile North; China North-Central; China South-Central; Colombia; Colorado; Cuba; Cyprus; Djibouti; Dominican Republic; East Aegean Is.; East Himalaya; Ecuador; Egypt; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Free State; Galpagos; Ghana; Greece; Guatemala; Gulf States; Gulf of Guinea Is.; Haiti; Hawaii; Honduras; India; Inner Mongolia; Iran; Iraq; Italy; Ivory Coast; Jamaica; Kansas; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kirgizstan; Kriti; KwaZulu-Natal; Lebanon-Syria; Leeward Is.; Lesotho; Lesser Sunda Is.; Libya; Madagascar; Madeira; Malawi; Mali; Maryland; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mexican Pacific Is.; Mexico Central; Mexico Gulf; Mexico Northeast; Mexico Northwest; Mexico Southeast; Mexico Southwest; Missouri; Mongolia; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Nebraska; Nepal; Netherlands Antilles; Nevada; New Guinea; New Mexico; New York; Nicaragua; Nicobar Is.; Niger; Nigeria; North Caucasus; Northern Provinces; Oklahoma; Oman; Pakistan; Palestine; Paraguay; Peru; Puerto Rico; Qinghai; Rodrigues; Reunion; Rwanda; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Seychelles; Sicilia; Sinai; Socotra; Somalia; South Carolina; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Swaziland; Tanzania; Texas; Thailand; Togo; Transcaucasus; Tunisia; Turkey; Turks-Caicos Is.; Uganda; Utah; Uzbekistan; Venezuela; Venezuelan Antilles; Vietnam; West Himalaya; Western Sahara; Windward Is.; Xinjiang; Yemen; Zambia; Zaire; Zimbabwe

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 820. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2016. Aristida adscensionis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2016 Oct. 16. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2016. Aristida adscensionis. Published online. Accessed: Oct. 16 2016.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Aristida adscensionis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names
English: sixweeks threeawn

Aristida adscensionis is a species of grass known by the common name sixweeks threeawn. It is native to the Americas but it is distributed nearly worldwide. It grows easily in disturbed and waste areas and has potential to become a weed.
Description
This annual bunchgrass is quite variable in appearance, its size and shape determined largely by environmental conditions. It grows in a tuft to heights between 5 and 80 centimeters. It forms a narrow inflorescence of spikelets, each fruit with three awns.