Alopecurus

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Poeae
Subtribus: Alopecurinae
Genus: Alopecurus
Sectiones: A. sect. Alopecurium – A. sect. Tozzettia

Species: A. aequalis – A. albovii – A. anatolicus – A. apiatus – A. arundinaceus – A. aucheri – A. baptarrhenius – A. bonariensis – A. borii – A. bornmuelleri – A. brachystachyus – A. bulbosus – A. carolinianus – A. creticus – A. dasyanthus – A. davisii – A. geniculatus – A. gerardii – A. glacialis – A. goekyigitianus – A. heleochloides – A. himalaicus – A. hitchcockii – A. japonicus – A. laguroides – A. lanatus – A. longiaristatus – A. magellanicus – A. mucronatus – A. myosuroides – A. nepalensis – A. ponticus – A. pratensis – A. rendlei – A. saccatus – A. setarioides – A. textilis – A. turczaninovii – A. utriculatus – A. vaginatus
Nothospecies: A. × brachystylus – A. × haussknechtianus – A. × marssonii – A. × plettkei – A. × turicensis – A. × winklerianus
Name

Alopecurus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 60 (1753).

Type species: Alopecurus pratensis L., Sp. Pl.: 60 (1753)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Cerdosurus Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 4: 148 (1789).
Tozzettia Savi, Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. 8: 477 (1799).
Colobachne P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 22 (1812).
Alopecuropsis Opiz, Lotos 7: 84 (1857).

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 60. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Alopecurus in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Feb 24. Reference page.
Simon, B.K., Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T., Vorontsova, M., Brake, I., Healy, D. & Alfonso, Y. 2013. GrassWorld, Alopecurus. Published online. Accessed: 2013 Oct. 27.
Tropicos.org 2013. Alopecurus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 27 Oct. 2013.
International Plant Names Index. 2013. Alopecurus. Published online. Accessed: 27 Oct. 2013.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Alopecurus.

Vernacular names
العربية: ثعلبية
azərbaycanca: Tülküquyruq
čeština: Psárka
dansk: Rævehale
Deutsch: Fuchsschwanzgräser
eesti: Rebasesaba
suomi: Puntarpäät
français: Vulpin
hornjoserbsce: Liščak
հայերեն: Աղվեսագի
íslenska: Liðagrös
日本語: スズメノテッポウ属
ქართული: მელაკუდა
қазақша: Түлкіқұйрық
lietuvių: Pašiaušėlis
Nederlands: Vossenstaart
Diné bizaad: Zééʼiilwoʼii
ирон: Рувасдымæг
polski: Wyczyniec
русский: Лисохвост
svenska: Kavlen
українська: Китник
oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча: Mushukquyruq
中文: 看麦娘

Alopecurus, or foxtail grass, is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family. It is common across temperate and subtropical parts of Eurasia, northern Africa, and the Americas, as well as naturalized in Australia and on various islands.[6]

Foxtails can be annual or perennial. They grow in tufts. They have flat leaves and blunt ligules (a small flap at the junction of leaf and stem). Their inflorescence is a dense panicle (a branching head without terminal flower) with 1-flowered spikelets. A few, particularly A. myosuroides, are considered weeds, others are very decorative and are used in bouquets of dried flowers.

Species[4]

Alopecurus aequalis – Orange foxtail, shortawn foxtail – Eurasia, Americas
Alopecurus albovii – Caucasus
Alopecurus anatolicus – eastern Turkey
Alopecurus apiatus – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran
Alopecurus arundinaceus – Reed foxtail, creeping foxtail, creeping meadow foxtail – Eurasia, North Africa
Alopecurus aucheri – Caucasus, Turkey, Iran
Alopecurus baptarrhenius – Ethiopia
Alopecurus bonariensis – Argentina, Uruguay
Alopecurus borii – Turkmenistan
Alopecurus bornmuelleri – Palestine
Alopecurus brachystachus – Russia, China, Mongolia
Alopecurus bulbosus – Bulbous foxtail – Mediterranean, western Europe
Alopecurus carolinianus – tufted meadow foxtail – US, western Canada
Alopecurus creticus – Greece, Turkey, Balkans
Alopecurus dasyanthus – Caucasus, Iran
Alopecurus davisii – Samos Island in Greece
Alopecurus geniculatus – Bent foxtail, marsh meadow foxtail – Algeria, Eurasia
Alopecurus gerardii – Mediterranean
Alopecurus glacialis – Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan
Alopecurus × haussknechtianus – central + northwestern Europe
Alopecurus heliochloides – Chile
Alopecurus himalaicus – Himalayas, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Central Asia, Xinjiang
Alopecurus hitchcockii – Peru, Bolivia, Jujuy
Alopecurus japonicus – China, Japan, Korea
Alopecurus laguroides – Caucasus, Turkey
Alopecurus lanatus – Turkey
Alopecurus longiaristatus – Heilongjiang, Primorye, Khabarovsk
Alopecurus magellanicus – northern Eurasia, North + South America, Falkland Is, South Georgia
Alopecurus × marssonii – Ukraine
Alopecurus mucronatus – Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan
Alopecurus myosuroides – Slender meadow foxtail, black grass, twitch grass, black twitch – Eurasia, North Africa
Alopecurus nepalensis – Himalayas, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan
Alopecurus × plettkei – France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands
Alopecurus ponticus – Caucasus
Alopecurus pratensis – meadow foxtail – Eurasia from Azores to Mongolia
Alopecurus rendlei – central + southern Europe, Algeria, Libya, Turkey
Alopecurus saccatus – Pacific foxtail – United States (WA OR ID CA), Baja California
Alopecurus setarioides – France, Greece, Italy, Balkans, Turkey
Alopecurus textilis – Turkey, Caucasus, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan
Alopecurus turczaninovii – Siberia
Alopecurus × turicensis – France, Switzerland
Alopecurus utriculatus – Greece, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine
Alopecurus vaginatus – Crimea, Caucasus, Turkey, Middle East, Iran, Afghanistan
Alopecurus × winklerianus – France, Switzerland, Germany, Poland

formerly included[4]

Numerous species once considered part of Alopecurus but now regarded as better suited to other genera: Agrostis Chaetopogon Cornucopiae Crypsis Koeleria Milium Muhlenbergia Pennisetum Perotis Phleum Polypogon Rostraria Setaria Tribolium
See also

List of Poaceae genera

References

Linnaeus, Carl von 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 60–61 in Latin
lectotype designated by Cope, Regnum Veg. 127: 17 (1993)
Tropicos, Alopecurus L.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
illustration from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885
Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Retrieved 2009-08-19.