Alnus maritima

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Betulaceae
Subfamilia: Betuloideae
Genus: Alnus
Subgenus: A. subg. Clethropsis
Species: Alnus maritima
Name

Alnus maritima (Marsh.) Muhl. ex Nutt., N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 34 (1842).
Synonyms

Basionym
Betula-alnus maritima Marshall, Arbust. Amer.: 20 (1785).
Homotypic
Alnus metoporina Furlow, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 381 1976 publ. (1977), nom. superfl.
Alnus maritima subsp. metoporina (Furlow) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 13: 3 (1983), nom. illeg.
Alnus maritima var. metoporina (Furlow) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 13: 3 (1983), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic
Alnus oblongata var. oblonga Regel, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 174 (1861).
Alnus maritima subsp. georgiensis J.A.Schrad. & W.R.Graves, Castanea 67: 399 2002 publ. (2003).
Alnus maritima subsp. oklahomensis J.A.Schrad. & W.R.Graves, Castanea 67: 398 2002 publ. (2003).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Northern America
North-Central U.S.A
Oklahoma.
Southeastern U.S.A
Delaware, Georgia, Maryland.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Additional references

Furlow, J.J. 1979. The systematics of the American species of Alnus (Betulaceae). Rhodora 81(825): 1–121, (826): 151–248. BHL (Part I) (Part II) Reference page.
Govaerts, R.H.A. 1995. World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2). 483, 529 pp. MIM, Deurne. ISBN 90-341-0852-X (issue 1) ISBN 90-341-0853-8 (issue 2). Reference page.
Furlow, J.J. 1997. Alnus. Pp. - in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. 590 pp. Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford, ISBN 0-19-511246-6. efloras Reference page.
Govaerts, R.H.A. 2003. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [unavailable for the public] Reference page.

Links

Stritch, L., Roy, S., Shaw, K., Wilson, B. & Rivers, M.C. 2016. Alnus maritima. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. IUCN Red List Category: Endangered. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T34053A2841625.en.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Alnus maritima in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 February 11. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Alnus maritima. Published online. Accessed: 11 February 2020.

Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Sahil qızılağacı
English: Seaside Alder
svenska: Strandal
Türkçe: Sahil kızılağacı

Alnus maritima, the seaside alder or brook alder, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Betulaceae.[1] Alnus maritima is endemic to the United States, and is found naturally in three disjunct populations in Oklahoma, Georgia, and in Maryland and Delaware on the Delmarva Peninsula.[2]

Alnus maritima is the only autumn-blooming member of the genus Alnus native to North America. All other North American alders bloom in the spring. The autumn-blooming phenology is a characteristic that Alnus maritima shares with two old-world Alnus species, Alnus nitida and Alnus nepalensis, which are endemic to southeast Asia. This profound similarity in their timing of anthesis has led to their classification as the only three members in the subgenus Clethropsis.[3]
Taxonomy

In 2002, the three populations were recognized as subspecies and given the names Alnus maritima subsp. oklahomensis, Alnus maritima subsp. georgiensis, and Alnus maritima subsp. maritima, respectively.[3] While some believe that subspecies maritima is the oldest of the three subspecies and that the other two disjunct populations resulted from some form of long distance dispersal, evidence from morphometric and phylogeographic studies indicates that the Oklahoma population (subsp. oklahomensis) is in fact the most ancestral and that the species probably had a wide, continuous distribution across the United States in the past.[3][4]
References

Stritch, L.; Roy, S.; Shaw, K.; Wilson, B. & Rivers, M.C. (2016). "Alnus maritima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T34053A2841625. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T34053A2841625.en.
Alnus maritima - Seaside alder
Schrader, J.A. and W.R. Graves. 2002. Infraspecific systematics of Alnus maritima (Betulaceae) from three widely disjunct provenances. Castanea 67: 380–401.
Schrader, J.A. and W.R. Graves. 2004. Systematics of Alnus maritima (seaside alder) resolved by ISSR polymorphisms and morphological characters. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 129: 231–236.