Agave maculata

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Asparagaceae
Subfamilia: Agavoideae
Genus: Agave
Species: Agave maculata
Name

Agave maculata Regel, 1856
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Agave maculata Engelm. ex Torr. in W.H.Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 214 (1858), nom. illeg.
Agave maculosa Hook., Bot. Mag. 85: t. 5122 (1859).
Agave maculosa var. minor Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult., Abth. Naturwiss. 138: 176 (1869).
Agave maculosa var. brevituba Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 301 (1875).
Agave maculata var. brevituba (Engelm.) Mulford, Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 7: 71 (1896).
Manfreda maculosa (Hook.) Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 17 (1903).
Polianthes maculosa (Hook.) Shinners, Sida 2: 335 (1966).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
References

Regel, E.A. von, 1856. Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1856: 16

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Agave maculata in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jan. 04. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Agave maculata. Published online. Accessed: Jan. 04 2019.
The Plant List 2013. Agave maculata in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jan. 04.
Tropicos.org 2019. Agave maculata. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jan. 04.

Vernacular names

Agave maculata (synonym Manfreda maculosa), commonly known as the Texas tuberose or spice lily, is a species of Agave that is endemic to southern Texas and northeastern Mexico.

Description

The Texas tuberose is acaulescent, meaning the stem is extremely short. The fleshy silvery-green leaves are covered with purple spots and in low light situations may lay flat on the ground. In a drought, the leaves may wither, leaving little or nothing visible above ground. Sufficient precipitation yields an inflorescence 60 cm (24 in) tall in the period April–September. The new flower stalks (inflorescences) are fed on by small mammals, javelina, deer, and feral pigs, which can end the flowering effort for that season. The leaves are fed on by these as well, especially during droughts, weakening and killing the plants.

The flowers open and change colors over 3–4 days of life, from white to pink to dark red. The inferior ovaries turn from green to purple to black as they mature as seedpods.

Taxonomy

Agave maculata was first described by Eduard von Regel in 1856. Later, in 1859, William Hooker described the same species as Agave maculosa. It was under this synonym that it was transferred to the genus Manfreda and then the genus Polianthes (both now included in Agave), but Regel's epithet is the oldest and so has priority.[1]

Ecology

Texas tuberose is the primary host plant for the caterpillars of the rare manfreda giant-skipper or aloe skipper (Stallingsia maculosus (= Stallingsia smithi)). A reduction in the A. maculata population could threaten the existence of the butterflies.[2]
Inflorescence, flowers with petals intact
References

"Agave maculata". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-04-13.

Quinn, Mike (2008-12-05). "Manfreda Giant-Skipper Stallingsia maculosus (H. A. Freeman, 1955)". Texas Entomology. Retrieved 2007-08-26.

Lehman, R.L., O'Brien, R., and T. White. 2005. Plants of the Texas coastal bend. Texas A&M Univ. Press. 352 pp.
Scott, J.A. 1986. The butterflies of North America: a natural history and field guide. Stanford Univ. Press. 583 pp.