Agatea

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Agatea
Species: A. lecointei – A. longipedicellata – A. pancheri – A. rufotomentosa – A. schlechteri – A. veillonii – A. violaris
Name

Agatea A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 2: 323. (1852)

Type species: Agatea violaris A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 2: 324. (1852)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Agation Brongn.
Bellevalia Montrouz. ex Beauvis. non Bellevalia Lapeyr., J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 67: 425. (1808) nom. cons. (Asparagaceae)

References

Gray, A. 1852. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2: 323.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Agatea in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 June 1. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2020. Agatea. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 June 1. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. 1. Published online. Accessed: June 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Agatea. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 June 1.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agatea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.

Agatea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with seven accepted species, found in New Guinea and New Caledonia.

Description

Lianas or reclining shrubs with lanceolate to ovate leaves. The flowers are in terminal pseudo-racemes or racemoids, with white corollas that are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with the very large bottom petal differentiated into a claw and blade and saccate (pouch like) at the base. On the five stamens, the filaments are weakly connate with the two lowest anthers weakly calcarate (spurred) and possessing a large dorsal connective appendage that is entire and oblong-ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is filiform (threadlike) to clavate (club like). The fruit is a thin to thick-walled capsule with 3 or 6 valves. There are two seeds per carpel, that are strongly flattened and encircled with a broad thin wing. The chromosome number is 2n=16.[5][6][7]
Taxonomy

The genus Agatea was first described by Gray in 1852,[8] following the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842, and therefore bears his name, A.Gray, as the botanical authority.[4] Gray's description was of the single species, Agatea violaris, which is thus the type species. His report was published in full in 1854.[9]

Early taxonomic schemes such as Bentham and Hooker (1862)[10] placed Agatea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae.[6][11] For a while, the name Agatea was disputed, and Agation used instead, but this was resolved in favor of the former name.[12] The genus has also been subject to over-description resulting from polymorphism.

Agatea is one of four lianescent genera in Violaceae, together with Calyptrion Ging., Anchietea A.St.-Hil. and the more recently discovered (2003) Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza.[13] In earlier classifications primarily based on floral morphology these were distributed among separate subtribes, but molecular phylogenetic studies has now grouped them together into a single lianescent clade, one of four within the family. Earlier schemes had placed Agatea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Hybanthinae, with Hybanthopsis but Calyptrion and Anchietea in subtribe Violinae.[5][11]
Etymology

The genus is named for the botanical draughtsman on the expedition, Alfred T. Agate.[8]
Species

Although estimates of the number of species has varied between one[12] and ten,[7] there are seven generally accepted species.[14][2]

Agatea lecointei Munzinger[12]
Agatea longipedicellata (Bakerf.) Guillaumin & Thorne[15]
Agatea macrobotrys K.Schum. & Lauterb.
Agatea rufotomentosa (Baker f.) Munzinger
Agatea schlechteri Melch.
Agatea veillonii Munzinger[12][15]
Agatea violaris A.Gray Type

New species, e.g. A. lecointei and A. veillonii, continue to be discovered, these two in New Caledonia in 2001.[12] Some authors also include:[1]

Agatea pancheri (Brongn.) K.Schum. ex Melch.[12][7][15]

Distribution and habitat

Agatea are native to New Guinea and some nearby South Pacific islands including New Caledonia, and are found in monsoon forests.[5][2]
References

WFO 2019.
POTWO 2020.
IPNI 2020.
Tropicos 2020.
Ballard et al 2013.
Byng 2014.
Wahlert et al 2014.
Gray 1852.
Gray 1854.
Bentham & Hooker 1862.
de Paula-Souza & Pirani 2014.
Munzinger 2001.
de Paula-Souza & Souza 2003.
Christenhusz et al 2017.

INPN 2020.

Bibliography

Books

Ballard, Harvey E; Paula-Souza, Juliana de; Wahlert, Gregory A (2013). "Violaceae". In Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). Flowering Plants. 11 Eudicots: Malpighiales. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 303–322. ISBN 978-3-642-39417-1.(Also preview at Springer)
Bentham, G.; Hooker, J.D. (1862). "Violarieae". Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita (3 vols.). 1. London: L Reeve & Co. pp. 114–121.
Byng, James W. (2014). "Violaceae". The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world. Plant Gateway Ltd. pp. 238–239. ISBN 978-0-9929993-1-5.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Fay, Michael F.; Chase, Mark W. (2017). "Violaceae". Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants. University of Chicago Press. pp. 324–325. ISBN 978-0-226-52292-0.
Gray, Asa (1854). United States Exploring Expedition Botany. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. XV. Botany. Phanerogamia, Part 1: With a Folio Atlas of One Hundred Plates. Philadelphia: C Sherman.

Articles

Gray, Asa (4 May 1852). "Agatea Nov. Gen.". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 2: 323–324.
Munzinger, Jérôme (September 2001). "Two new species of Agatea (Violaceae) endemic to New Caledonia, with some taxonomic notes and a key to New Caledonian species". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 137 (1): 91–97. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01110.x.
de Paula-Souza, Juliana; Pirani, José Rubens (22 December 2014). "Reestablishment of Calyptrion (Violaceae)". Taxon. 63 (6): 1335–1339. doi:10.12705/636.7.
de Paula-Souza, Juliana; Souza, Vinicius Castro (July 2003). "Hybanthopsis, a new genus of Violaceae from Eastern Brazil". Brittonia. 55 (3): 209–213. doi:10.1663/0007-196X(2003)055[0209:HANGOV]2.0.CO;2.
Wahlert, Gregory A.; Marcussen, Thomas; de Paula-Souza, Juliana; Feng, Min; Ballard, Harvey E. (1 March 2014). "A Phylogeny of the Violaceae (Malpighiales) Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences: Implications for Generic Diversity and Intrafamilial Classification". Systematic Botany. 39 (1): 239–252. doi:10.1600/036364414X678008. S2CID 86452033.

Websites

WFO (2019). "Agatea A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 2: 323. 1852". World Flora Online. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
POTWO. "Agatea A.Gray". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
IPNI. "Agatea A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts ii. (1852) 323". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
"Agatea A. Gray". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
INPN (2020). "Agatea". Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Retrieved 11 May 2020.