Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Candelariomycetes
Subclassis: Candelariomycetidae
Ordo: Candelariales
Familia: Candelariaceae
Genera: Candelaria - Candelariella - Candelina – Candelinella – Opeltiella – Placomaronea – Protocandelariella
Name
Candelariaceae Elenkin, Fl. Lishajn. Sredn. Ross.: 267. 1907.
Links
Index Fungorum: IF 80550
MycoBank: MB 80550
References
Hakulinen, R. (1954) Dir Flechtengattung Candelariella Mull. Argoviensis, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung ihres Auftretens und ihrer Verbreitung in Fennoskandien. - Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. 'Vanamo' 27(3): 1–127. (RLL List # 13 / Rec. # 7325 - Recent Literature on Lichens)
Candelariaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Candelariales. It contains seven genera and about 73 species.[1]
Taxonomy
The family was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist Rainar Hakulinen in 1954 to contain the type genus, Candelaria.[2] This genus had formerly been placed in the Parmeliaceae by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1926,[3] while the crustose lichen genus Candelariella was classified among the crustose Lecanoraceae. Hakulinen also included the genus Placomaronea, which contains umbilicate species.[4]
Description
The Candelariaceae family exhibits a diverse range of growth forms, including crustose, squamulose, peltate-subumbilicate, and microfoliose thalli, typically characterized by their bright yellow colour. The photobiont in these lichens is chlorococcoid, contributing to their photosynthetic abilities. The reproductive structures, or ascomata, are predominantly lecanorine apothecia, although biatorine apothecia are also found in some instances.[5]
The hamathecium, which is part of the ascomata, is made up of unbranched or slightly branched, amyloid paraphyses. The asci, or spore-bearing structures, have an apical tholus with an amyloid outer wall. The tholus is weakly amyloid, except for the darker, strongly amyloid lower portion, and is typically clavate in shape. Each ascus contains 8 to 64 ascospores, which are either non-septate or indistinctly 1-septate. These spores are hyaline, non-amyloid, and vary in shape from ellipsoid to citriform (lemon-shaped).[5]
Candelariaceae lichens also produce conidiomata, which are pycnidia-containing structures. The conidia, or asexual spores, are non-septate, hyaline, and range in shape from ellipsoid to bacillar (rod shaped), sometimes exhibiting a curved form. The secondary chemistry of Candelariaceae lichens includes derivatives of pulmonic acid, a lichen product that contributes to their unique characteristics.[5]
Genera
Candelaria A.Massal. (1852) – 7 spp.
Candelariella Müll.Arg. (1894)[6] – ca. 50 spp.
Candelina Poelt (1974)[4] – 3 spp.
Candelinella S.Y.Kondr. (2020)[7] – 2 spp.
Opeltiella S.Y.Kondr. (2020)[7] – 4 spp.
Placomaronea Räsänen (1944)[8] – 6 spp.
Protocandelariella Poelt, D.Liu, Hur & S.Y.Kondr. (2020)[7] – 2 spp.
References
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.
Hakulinen, R. (1954). "Die Flechtengattung Candelariella Müller Argoviensis". Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo" (in German). 27 (3): 11.
Zahlbruckner, A. (1926). "Lichenes. Spezieller Teil.". In Engler, A.; Prantl, U.K. (eds.). Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (in German). Vol. 2 (8 ed.). pp. 61–270.
Poelt, J. (1974). "Zur Kenntnis der Flechtenfamilie Candelariaceae" (PDF). Phyton (in German). 16: 189–210.
Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.). Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. p. 118. ISBN 978-3-443-01089-8. OCLC 429208213.
Müller, J. (1894). "Conspectus systematicus lichenum Novae Zelandiae". Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier (in Latin). 2 (App. 1): 11, 47.
Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Jeong, M.-H.; Oh, S.-O.; Kondratiuk, A.S.; Hur, J.-S. (2020). "Contributions to molecular phylogeny of lichen-forming fungi, 1. The family Candelariaceae" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 62 (3–4): 293–307. doi:10.1556/034.62.2020.3-4.4. S2CID 228989603.
Räsänen, V. (1944). "Lichenes novi I". Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo". 20 (3): 1–34
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