Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Ordo: Neogastropoda
Superfamilia: Conoidea
Familia: Turridae
Genus: Turris
Species: T. affinis – T. annulata – T. auriculifera – T. babylonia – T. barclayana – T. carinata – T. cingulifera – T. crispa – T. cryptoraphe – T. deshayes – T. diadema – T. echinata – T. exima – T. fascialis – T. flavidula – T. fuscescens – T. garnonsii – T. gemmata – T. grandis – T. gravis – T. griffithi – T. gruneri – T. imperialis – T. lineata – T. luctuosa – T. maculosa – T. maravignae – T. marmorata – T. maura – T. minima – T. mitraeformis – T. normandavidsoni – T. obesa – T. oxytropis – T. papalis – T. patula – T. pulchella – T. punctata – T. pyramidata – T. rissoides – T. ruthae – T. semicostata – T. spirata – T. suturalis – T. tigrina – T. umbilicata – T. undosa
T. unizonalis – T. virgo – T. zebra – T. zelandica
Name
Turris Röding, 1798
References
Kilburn, R.N.; Fedosov, A.E.; Olivera, B.M. 2012: Revision of the genus Turris Batsch, 1789 (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species. Zootaxa, 3244: 1–58. Preview
Turris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turridae, the turrids.[1]
Description
The generally large shells are variegated with spots. The fusiform shell is turriculated with a long, sharp spire. The aperture is ovate. The columellar lip is smooth. The outer lip is separated with a narrow profound sinus from the suture rather than distantly. The siphonal canal is long and narrow, straight and open.[2]
(Description by Charles Hedley) The shell is large, with a tall slender spire. The outer lip is sharp, without fold or thickening. The siphonal notch is a deep slit with parallel sides following a walled-in fasciole. Within the body whorl are sharp raised revolving threads, a feature shared by related genera. The protoconch consists of two smooth rounded whorls. The operculum is unguiculate, with an apical nucleus.[3]
The foot of the animal is anteriorly truncated but obtuse posteriorly. The tentacles are cylindrical, with the eyes externally near their base The teeth of the toxoglossan radula are falciform and angulated (formula 1-0-1).
Distribution
This genus inhabits warm seas.
Species
Species within the genus Turris include:[1]
Turris ambages Barnard, 1958[4]
Turris amicta (Smith, E.A., 1877) [5]
Turris annulata (Reeve, 1843)[6]
Turris babylonia (Linne, 1758)[7]
†Turris baudoni (G.P. Deshayes, 1866)
Turris bipartita Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris brevicanalis (Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971)[8]
Turris chaldaea Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris clausifossata Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris condei Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000[9]
Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816)[10]
Turris cristata Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000[11]
Turris cryptorrhaphe (Sowerby I, 1825)[12]
Turris faleiroi Kilburn, 1998[13]
†Turris farouqui Abbass H., 1977 [14]
Turris garnonsii (Reeve, 1843)[15]
Turris grandis (Gray, 1834)[16]
Turris guidopoppei Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris hidalgoi Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000[17]
Turris intercancellata Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris intricata Powell, 1964
Turris kantori Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris kathiewayae Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris nadaensis Azuma, 1973[18]
Turris nodifera (Lamarck, 1822)[19]
Turris normandavidsoni Olivera, 1999[20]
Turris omnipurpurata Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000[21]
Turris pagasa Olivera, 1999[22]
Turris ruthae Kilburn, 1983[23]
Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843)[24]
Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975[25]
†Turris thurstonensis (Weaver, 1916)
Turris undosa (Lamarck, 1816)[26]
Turris venusta (Reeve, 1843)
Turris yeddoensis (Jousseaume, 1883)
Species brought into synonymy
Turris abbreviata (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Lophiotoma abbreviata (Reeve, 1843)
Turris abyssorum (Locard, 1897): synonym of Gymnobela abyssorum (Locard, 1897)
Turris ankaramanyensis Bozzetti, 2006:[27] synonym of Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975
Turris armilda Dall, 1908: synonym of Fusiturricula armilda (Dall, 1908)
Turris assyria Olivera, Seronay & Fedosov, 2010: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris cincta:[28] synonym of Turridrupa cincta (Lamarck, 1822)
Turris cingulifera:[29] synonym of Iotyrris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822)
Turris clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875):[30] synonym of Drillia clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875)
Turris cosmoi Sykes, 1930: synonym of Gemmula cosmoi (Sykes, 1930)
Turris diaulax Dall, 1908: synonym of Rhodopetoma diaulax (Dall, 1908)
Turris dollyae Olivera, 1999:[31] synonym of Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816)
Turris diaulax Dall, 1908: synonym of Antiplanes diaulax (Dall, 1908)
Turris formosissima Smith E. A., 1915: synonym of Polystira formosissima (Smith E. A., 1915)
Turris fusinella Dall, 1908: synonym of Fusiturricula fusinella (Dall, 1908)
Turris husamaru Nomura, 1940: synonym of Gemmula husamaru (Nomura, 1940)
Turris imperfecti Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris indica Röding, 1798: synonym of Lophioturris indica (Deshayes, 1833)
Turris integra (Thiele, 1925):[32] synonym of Crassispira integra Thiele, 1925
Turris joubini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906):[33] synonym of Corinnaeturris leucomata (Dall, 1881)
Turris kilburni Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000:[34] synonym of Turris pagasa Olivera, 2000
Turris macella Melvill, 1923: synonym of Agladrillia macella (Melvill, 1923)
Turris monilifera Pease, 1860: synonym of Gemmula monilifera (Pease, 1860)
Turris munizi Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000:[35] synonym of Gemmula lululimi Olivera, 2000
Turris nexilis Hutton, 1885: synonym of Taranis nexilis (Hutton, 1885)
Turris nobilis Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris orthopleura Kilburn, 1983:[36] synonym of Makiyamaia orthopleura (Kilburn, 1983)
Turris pluteata Reeve:[37] synonym of Fusiturris pluteata (Reeve, 1843)
Turris pseudogranosa Nomura, 1940: synonym of Gemmula pseudogranosa (Nomura, 1940)
Turris pulchra Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris regia Röding, 1798: synonym of Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798)
Turris resina Dall, 1908: synonym of Hindsiclava resina (Dall, 1908)
Turris rugitecta Dall, 1918: synonym of Crassispira rugitecta (Dall, 1918)
Turris ruthveniana Melvill, 1923: synonym of Lophiotoma ruthveniana (Melvill, 1923)
Turris saldanhae Barnard, 1958: synonym of Comitas saldanhae (Barnard, 1958)
Turris solomonensis (Smith E. A., 1876):[38] synonym of Inquisitor solomonensis (E. A. Smith, 1876)
Turris taxea Röding, 1798: synonym of Clavatula taxea (Röding, 1798)
Turris tigrina Lamarck:[39] synonym of Lophiotoma indica (Röding, 1798)
Turris tornatum Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris torta Dautzenberg:[40] synonym of Fusiturris torta (Dautzenberg, 1912)
Turris totiphyllis Oliverio, 1999:[41] synonym of Turris hidalgoi Vera-Pelaez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000
Turris undatiruga Bivona: synonym of Fusiturris undatiruga (Bivona Ant. in Bivona And., 1838)
Turris violacea:[42] synonym of Tomopleura reevii (C. B. Adams, 1850)
References
Turris Röding, 1798. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 10 July 2011.
George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology VI, p. 160; 1884
Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213-359, pls 42-56
Turris ambages Barnard, 1958. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris amicta. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris annulata (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris babylonia (Linne, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris brevicanalis (Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris condei Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris cristata Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris cryptorrhaphe (Sowerby I, 1825). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris faleiroi Kilburn, 1998. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Houssein L. Abbass (1977), A Monograph of new Miocene Gastropod Species in the Cairo-Suez District, Egypt; J. Univ. Kuwait (Sci.) 4, 1977
Turris garnonsii (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris grandis (Gray, 1834). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris hidalgoi Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris nadaensis Azuma, 1973. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris nodifera (Lamarck, 1822). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris normandavidsoni Olivera, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris omnipurpurata Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris pagasa Olivera, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris ruthae Kilburn, 1983. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris undosa (Lamarck, 1816). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris ankaramanyensis Bozzetti, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris cincta. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris cingulifera. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris dollyae Olivera, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris integra (Thiele, 1925). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris joubini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris kilburni Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris munizi Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris orthopleura Kilburn, 1983. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris pluteata Reeve. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris solomonensis (Smith E. A., 1876). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris tigrina Lamarck. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris torta Dautzenberg. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris totiphyllis Oliverio, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
Turris violacea. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
External links
Fedosov, Alexander, et al. "Phylogeny of the genus Turris: Correlating molecular data with radular anatomy and shell morphology." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 59.2 (2011): 263-270
Kilburn, Richard N., Alexander E. Fedosov, and Baldomero M. Olivera. "Revision of the genus Turris (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species." Zootaxa 3244.1 (2012): 1
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