Cladus: Eukaryota
Supergroup: Opisthokonta
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Orthogastropoda
Superordo: Caenogastropoda
Ordo: Sorbeoconcha
Subordo: Hypsogastropoda
Infraordo: Littorinimorpha
Superfamilia: Stromboidea
Familia: Strombidae
Subfamilia: Strombinae
Genus: Strombus
Species: S. aculeatus - S. adansoni - S. adustus - S. alatus - S. aratrum - S. aratum - S. auratus - S. aurisdianae - S. bellus - S. bituberculatus - S. bubo - S. bubonius - S. bulla - S. buvonius - S. camelus - S. campbelli - S. canaliculatus - S. canarium - S. conomurex - S. corrugatus - S. costatus - S. crenatus - S. cristatus - S. decorus - S. dentatus - S. dilatatus - S. dolomena - S. doxander - S. erythrius - S. exutus - S. fasciatus - S. fragilis - S. fusiformis - S. galea - S. galeatus - S. gallus - S. gibberulus - S. gibbus - S. gigas - S. goliath - S. gracilior - S. granulatus - S. kleckhamae - S. lactus - S. latus - S. lentiginosus - S. lentigo - S. listeri - S. lobatus - S. luhuanus - S. maculatus - S. magolecciai - S. marginatus - S. mauritianus - S. microurceus - S. minimus - S. mutabilis - S. pacificus - S. palmatus - S. papilio - S. peruvianus - S. pictus - S. pipus - S. plicatus - S. ponderosus - S. pugilis - S. pulchellus - S. pusillus - S. raninus - S. rugosus - S. samba - S. sinuatus - S. taeniatus - S. taurus - S. terebellatus - S. thersites - S. tricornis - S. tridentatus - S. turturella - S. urceus - S. vanikorensis - S. variabilis - S. vittatus - S. vomer - S. wilsoni
Name
Strombus (Linnaeus, 1758)
References
* Strombus Report on ITIS
Vernacular names
English: Conch
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Strombus, common name the true conchs, is a genus of medium to large sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Strombidae, the true conchs and their immediate relatives.
The genus Strombus was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. There are around 50 living species recognized, which vary in size from fairly small to very large. Six species live in the greater Caribbean region, including the Queen Conch, and the West Indian Fighting Conch, Strombus pugilis. Worldwide, several of the larger species are economically important as food sources; these include the endangered queen conch or pink conch Strombus gigas, which very rarely may produce a pink, gem quality pearl.
In the geological past, a much larger number of species of Strombus existed.[1] Of the living species, most are in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Many species of true conchs live on sandy bottoms among beds of sea grass in tropical waters.
Anatomy
Like almost all shelled gastropods, conches have spirally constructed shells. Again, as is normally the case in many gastropods, this spiral shell growth is usually right-handed, but on very rare occasions it can be left-handed.
True conches have long eye stalks, with colorful ring-marked eyes. The shell has a long and narrow aperture, and a short siphonal canal, with another indentation near the anterior end called a stromboid notch. This notch is where one of the two eye stalks protrudes from the shell. The true conch has a foot ending in a pointed, sickle-shaped, operculum which can be dug into the substrate as part of an unusual "leaping" locomotion.
True conches grow a flared lip on their shells only upon reaching sexual maturity. Animals which are harvested by fishermen before they reach this stage are juveniles, and have not had a chance to reproduce.
Conches lay eggs in long, gelatinous strands
Shell description
Strombus shells have a flaring outer lip with a notch near the anterior end called the stromboid notch through which the animal may protrude one of its stalked eyes.[2] They eat algae and have a claw-shaped operculum. Their eggs are contained in twisted gelatinous tubes.[3] Strombus moves with a leaping motion.[4]
Cladogram
A cladogram based on sequences of nuclear histone H3 gene and mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) gene showing showing phylogenic relations of (32 analyzed) species in the genus Strombus and Lambis:[5]
Species
This genus of sea snails comprehends about 50 species[6], 38 of them occurring in the Indo-Pacific region[7]. Species within the genus Strombus include:
* Strombus adansoni (De France, 1827)
* Strombus adustus (Swainson in Reeve, 1851)
* Strombus alatus
* Strombus aratrum
* Strombus auratus (Spalowsky, 1795)
* Strombus aurisdianae L., 1767
* Strombus bubo (Deshayes, 1833)
* Strombus bulla
* Strombus buvonius
* Strombus camelus (Gray in King, 1826)
* Strombus canarium L., 1758
* Strombus conomurex
* Strombus corrugatus (Adams & L.A. Reeve, 1850)
* Strombus costatus (Gmelin, 1791)
* Strombus dentatus L., 1758
* Strombus dolomena
* Strombus doxander
* Strombus epidromis L., 1758
* Strombus fragilis
* Strombus gallus L., 1758
* Strombus gibberulus L., 1758
* Strombus goliath
* Strombus labiatus
* Strombus latissimus L., 1758
* Strombus lentiginosus L., 1758
* Strombus luhuanus L., 1758
* Strombus marginatus L., 1758
* Strombus mutabilis
* Strombus pugilis L., 1758
* Strombus praeraninus Kronenberg & Dekker, 2000[8] - nomen novum
* Strombus raninus Gmelin, 1791
* Strombus sinuatus
* Strombus tricornis
* Strombus urceus L., 1758
* Strombus variabilis
Synonyms:
* Strombus gigas is a synonym for Eustrombus gigas L., 1758
See also
* Conch
References
1. ^ See Bellsouthpwp.net, Family Strombidae
2. ^ Kenneth R. Wye, The Encyclopedia of Shells, Londo, 2004, p. 70.
3. ^ R. Tucker Abbott, American Seashells, New York (2d. ed., 1974) p. 143
4. ^ Sealifebase
5. ^ Latiolais J. M., Taylor M. S., Roy K. & Hellberg M. E. (2006). "A molecular phylogenetic analysis of strombid gastropod morphological diversity". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41: 436-444. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.027. PDF.
6. ^ Cob, Z. C. et al. (2009). "Species Description and Distribution of Strombus (Mollusca: Strombidae) in Johor Straits and its Surrounding Areas". Sains Malaysiana 38(1): 39–46.[1]
7. ^ Abbott, R.T. (1960). "The genus Strombus in the Indo-pacific". Indo- Pacific Mollusca 1(2): 33-144
8. ^ Kronenberg G. C. & Dekker H. (2000) "A nomenclatural note on Strombus wilsoni Abbott, 1967, and Strombus wilsonorum Petuch, 1994, with the introduction of Strombus praeraninus nom. nov. (Gastropoda, Strombidae)". Basteria 64(1-3): 5-6.
