Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Ordo: Littorinimorpha
Superfamiliae (15): Calyptraeoidea - Capuloidea - Cingulopsoidea - Cypraeoidea - Ficoidea - Littorinoidea - Naticoidea - Pterotracheoidea - Rissooidea - Stromboidea - Tonnoidea – Truncatelloidea – Vanikoroidea - Velutinoidea - Vermetoidea - Xenophoroidea
Name
Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
References
Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47(1-2): 1–397.
Links
Littorinimorpha in the World Register of Marine Species
http://www.organismnames.com/
Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails,[1] gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine species), but also including some freshwater snails (aquatic species) and land snails (terrestrial species).[2]
Previously, the Linnaean taxonomy used in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Ponder & Lindberg (1997) ranked like this: subclass Orthogastropoda, superorder Caenogastropoda, order Sorbeoconcha, suborder Hypsogastropoda, infraorder Littorinimorpha.
The order Littorinimorpha contains many gastropoda families that were formerly placed in the order Mesogastropoda, as introduced by J. Thiele in his work from 1921.[3] Evidence for this group being monophyletic is scanty. In 2003, E. E. Strong[4] suggested using only Neogastropoda as a clade within the clade Hypsogastropoda, and to include the unresolved superfamilies of the Hypsogastropoda within the Littorinimorpha.[5]
Superfamilies and families
The superfamilies grouped in this clade include a few families that are well-known based on their shells:
Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809
Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809, the slipper shells
Capuloidea Fleming, 1822
Capulidae Fleming, 1822, the cap shells (junior synonym Trichotropidae)
Cingulopsoidea Fretter & Patil, 1958
Cingulopsidae Fretter & Patil, 1958
Eatoniellidae Ponder, 1965
Rastodentidae Ponder, 1966
Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815, the cowries
Ovulidae Fleming, 1822
Ficoidea Meek, 1864, the fig shells
Ficidae Meek, 1864, the fig shells
Littorinoidea Children, 1834
Aciculidae Gray, 1850
Littorinidae, Children, 1834 the periwinkles
† Bohaispiridae Youluo, 1978
Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917
Subfamily Pickworthiinae Iredale, 1917
Subfamily Pelycidiinae Ponder & Hall, 1983
Subfamily Sherborniinae Iredale, 1917
Pomatiidae Newton, 1891 (1828)
Subfamily Pomatiinae Newton, 1891
Subfamily Annulariinae Henderson & Bartsch, 1920
† Purpurinidae Zittel, 1895
Skeneopsidae Iredale, 1915
† Tripartellidae Gründel, 2001
Zerotulidae Warén & Hain, 1996
Naticoidea Guilding, 1834
Naticidae Guilding, 1834, the moon snails
Pterotracheoidea Rafinesque, 1814 - synonym: Heteropoda.
Pterotracheidae Rafinesque, 1814
Atlantidae Rang, 1829
† Bellerophinidae Destombes, 1984
Carinariidae Blainville, 1818
Rissooidea Gray, 1847
Barleeiidae Gray, 1857
Emblandidae Ponder, 1985
Helicostoidae Pruvot-Fol, 1937 [citation needed]
† Mesocochliopidae Yu, 1987
† Palaeorissoinidae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
Subfamily Palaeorissoininae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
Subfamily Greveniellinae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
Rissoidae Gray, 1847
Rissoinidae Stimpson, 1865
Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815
Aporrhaidae Gray, 1850, the pelican's foot shells
Subfamily Aporrhainae Gray, 1850
Subfamily Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983
† Subfamily Harpagodinae Pchelintsev, 1963
† Subfamily Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992
† Subfamily Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)
† Colombellinidae P. Fischer, 1884
† Pugnellidae Kiel & Bandel, 1999
Seraphsidae Gray, 1853
Strombidae Rafinesque, 1815, the true conchs
Struthiolariidae Gabb, 1868. the ostrich foot shells
† Thersiteidae Savornin, 1915
† Tylostomatidae Stoliczka, 1868
Tonnoidea Suter, 1913 (1825)
Bursidae Thiele, 1925, the frog shells
Cassidae Latreille, 1825, the helmet shells or bonnet shells
Laubierinidae Warén & Bouchet, 1990
Personidae Gray, 1854
Pisanianuridae Warén & Bouchet, 1990
Ranellidae Gray, 1854, the tritons
Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825), the tun shells
Truncatelloidea
Amnicolidae Tryon, 1863
Subfamily Amnicolinae Tryon, 1863
Subfamily Baicaliinae P. Fischer, 1885
Subfamily Emmericiinae Brusina, 1870
Anabathridae Keen, 1971
Assimineidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856
Bithyniidae Gray, 1857
Bythinellidae Locard, 1893
Caecidae Gray, 1850
Calopiidae Ponder, 1999
Clenchiellidae D. W. Taylor, 1966
Cochliopidae Tryon, 1866
Subfamily Cocliopinae Tryon, 1866
Subfamily Littoridininae Thiele, 1928
Subfamily Semisalsinae Giusti & Pezzoli, 1980
Elachisinidae Ponder, 1985
Emmericiidae Brusina, 1870
Epigridae Ponder, 1985
Falsicingulidae Slavoshevskaya
Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865
Hydrococcidae Thiele, 1928
Iravadiidae Thiele, 1928
Lithoglyphidae Tryon, 1866
Moitessieriidae Bourguignat, 1863
Pomatiopsidae Stimpson, 1865
Subfamily Pomatiopsinae Stimpson, 1865
Oncomelania
Subfamily Triculinae Annandale, 1924
Stenothyridae Tryon, 1866
Tateidae Thiele, 1925
Tornidae Sacco, 1896 (1884)
Truncatellidae Gray, 1840
Subfamily Truncatellinae Gray, 1840
Subfamily Geomelaniinae Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
Vanikoroidea Gray, 1840
Haloceratidae Warén & Bouchet, 1991
Hipponicidae Troschel, 1861, the hoof shells
† Omalaxidae Cosmmann, 1916
Vanikoridae Gray, 1840
Velutinoidea Gray, 1840
Pediculariidae
Triviidae Troschel, 1863, the trivias
Velutinidae Gray, 1840
Subfamily Velutininae Gray, 1840
Subfamily Lamellariinae d'Orbigny, 1841
Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Vermetidae Rafinesque, 1815, the worm snails
Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (1840)
Guttulidae
† Lamelliphoridae Korobkov, 1960
Xenophoridae Troschel, 1852 (1840), the carrier shells
(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger, †.)
Families brought into synonymy
Adeorbidae Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Tornidae Sacco, 1896 (1884)
Paludestrinidae Newton, 1891 accepted as Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865
Pyrgulidae Brusina, 1882 (1869) accepted as Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865
Vitrinellidae Bush, 1897 accepted as Tornidae Sacco, 1896 (1884)
References
Wikispecies has information related to Littorinimorpha.
WoRMS
Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
Thiele, J., 1929-1935. Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde. 2 vols. 1154 p., 584 figs
Strong, E.E. (2003). "Refining molluscan characters : morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 137 (4): 447–554. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00058.x.
Gofas, S. (2010). Littorinimorpha. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382213 on 2010-06-06
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