Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Bivalvia
Subclassis: Heterodonta
Ordo: Veneroida
Superfamilia: Corbiculoidea
Familia: Sphaeriidae
Genera: Musculium - Pisidium – Sphaerium
Name
Sphaeriidae Deshayes, 1862 (1854) [placed on the Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology by Melville (1985), with the Name Number 573; emended by ICZN (2000)]
Type genus
Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777 [stem = Sphaeri-] (Melville, 1985)
References
cited sources
ICZN 2000. Opinion 1957. Sphaerius Waltl, 1838 (Insecta, Coleoptera): conserved; and Sphaeriidae Erichson, 1845 (Coleoptera): spelling emended to Sphaeriusidae, so removing the homonymy with Sphaeriidae Deshayes, 1854 (1820) (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 57(3): 182–184. BHL. Reference page.
Melville, R.V. 1985. Opinion 1331. Sphaeriidae Jeffreys, 1862 (1820) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) and Microsporidae Reichardt, 1976 (Insecta, Coleoptera): placed on the official list. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42: 230–232. BHL. Reference page.
Additional references
Baker, F.C. 1927: On the division of the Sphaeriidae into two subfamilies: and the description of a new genus of Unionidae, with descriptions of new varieties. American midland naturalist, 10: 220–223. JSTOR
Cooley, L.R.; Foighil, D.Ó. 2000: Phylogenetic analysis of the Sphaeriidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) based on partial mitochondrial 16s rDNA gene sequences. Invertebrate biology, 119: 299–308. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2000.tb00016.x JSTOR
Korniushin, A.V. 2000: Review of the family Sphaeriidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) of Australia, with the description of four new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 52: 41–102.
Korniushin, A.V. 2002: Morphological characters analysis, the intergroup phylogenetic relationships and possible outgroups of the family Sphaeriidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Vestnik zoologii, 36(4): 3—22. PDF
Korniushin, A.; Glaubrecht, M. 2001: Annotated catalogue of type specimens of Sphaeriidae (Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Veneroida) in the mollusc collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, with a review of their current taxonomic status. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologische Reihe, 77: 131–152. DOI: 10.1002/mmnz.20010770119
Kuiper, J.G.J. 1966. Critical revision of the New Zealand sphaeriid clams in the Dominion Museum, Wellington. Records of the Dominion Museum 5(16): 147–162. Reference page.
Watson, A.M.; Ormerod, S.J. 2005: The distribution and conservation of threatened Sphaeriidae on British grazing marshland. Biodiversity and conservation, 14: 2207–2220. ISSN: 0960-3115 (Print) 1572-9710 (Online) DOI: 10.1007/s10531-004-4670-4
Sphaeriidae is a family of small to minute freshwater bivalve molluscs in the order Sphaeriida. In the US, they are commonly known as pea clams or fingernail clams.[3][4]
Genera
Genera:[5]
Euperinae
Byssanodonta d'Orbigny, 1846
Eupera Bourguignat, 1854
Sphaeriinae
Afropisidium Kuiper, 1962
Euglesa Jenyns, 1832
Musculium Link, 1807
Odhneripisidium Kuiper, 1962
Pisidium C. Pfeiffer, 1821
Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777
fossils
†Megasphaerioides Komatsu, J.-H. Chen & Q.-F. Wang, 2003
†Protosphaerium Hocknull, 2000
†Sphaericoncha Kolesnikov, 1980
Biology and ecology
Sphaeriidae are hermaphrodites with internal fertilization. Developing young are incubated within their mother (ovoviviparity), and newborn clams look like miniature copies of the adults.[4]
Parasites and/or predators include the Sciomyzidae.[6]
References
Bowden, John & Heppell, David (1968). "Revised list of British Mollusca. 2. Unionacea-Cardiacea" (PDF). Journal of Conchology. 26 (4): 237–272, note 55, pages 253–254. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2014.
Baker, Horace Burrington (1964). "Notes on Sphaeriid Names". The Nautilus. 78 (2): 45–47.
Heard, William H. 1965. Comparative life histories of North American pill clams (Sphaeriidae: Pisidium). Malacologia, 2: 381-411.
Heard, William H. 1977. Reproduction of fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae: Sphaerium and Musculium). Malacologia, 16: 421-455.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphaeriidae Deshayes, 1855 (1820)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
Biology of Snail-Killing Sciomyzidae Flies at Google Books
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