Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Bivalvia
Subclassis: Heterodonta
Ordo: Myoida
Familia: Hiatellidae
Genus: Panopea
Species: P. abbreviata – P. abrupta – P. bitruncata – P. generosa – P. glycimeris – P. nagaoi – P. norvegica
Name
Panopea Ménard de la Groye, 1807
Synonyms
Glycimeris Lamarck, 1799, non da Costa, 1778
Panope Ménard de la Groye, 1807, spelling suppressed, ICZN Opinion 1414
Panopaea auctt.
References
Coan, E.V., Scott, P.V., & Bernard, F.R. 2000. Bivalve seashells of western North America: Marine bivalve mollusks from Arctic Alaska to Baja California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs Number 2 : viii +764 pp.
Panopea – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Elefantenrüsselmuschel
English: Geoduck
español: Geoduck
中文: 象拔蚌
Panopea is a genus of large marine bivalve molluscs or clams in the family Hiatellidae.[1] There are 10 described species in Panopea.[1] Many of them are known under the common name "geoduck".
Extant species
Panopea abbreviata (Valenciennes, 1839) – southern geoduck
Panopea australis (G.B. Sowerby I, 1833)
Panopea bitruncata (Conrad, 1872)
Panopea generosa Gould, 1850 – Pacific geoduck
Panopea globosa Dall, 1898 – Cortes geoduck
Panopea glycimeris (Born, 1778)
Panopea japonica Adams, 1850 – Japanese geoduck[2]
Panopea smithae Powell, 1950
Panopea zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1835 – deepwater clam[3]
Extinct species
Fossil shell of Panopea intermedia
Extinct species within this genus include:[4]
† Panopea abrupta (Conrad, 1849) (extinct Miocene fossil)[5]
† Panopea depressa Martin 1859
† Panopea dockensis Olsson and Petit 1964[6]
† Panopea elongata Conrad 1835
† Panopea gastaldii Michelotti 1861
† Panopea gurgitis Brongniart, 1822
† Panopea intermedia Sowerby 1814
† Panopea mackrothi Geinitz 1857
† Panopea montignyana Martin 1859
† Panopea orientalis Forbes 1846
† Panopea remondii Gabb 1864
† Panopea toulai Lundgren 1895
† Panopea vaudini Deshayes 1857
The fossil record of the genus dates back to the Cretaceous (and maybe the Triassic) (age range: 242.0 to 0.012 million years ago). These fossils have been found all over the world.
References
Serge Gofas (2012). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Panopea Ménard, 1807". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
Rocha-Olivares, A.; L. E. Calderon-Aguilera; E. A. Aragón-Noriega; N. C. Saavedra-Sotelo & V. M. Moreno-Rivera (2010). "Genetic and morphological variation of Northeast Pacific Panopea clams: evolutionary implications". Journal of Shellfish Research. 29 (2): 327–335. doi:10.2983/035.029.0207. S2CID 86739843.
Powell A. W. B. (1979). New Zealand Mollusca. Auckland, New Zealand: William Collins Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-00-216906-1.
Paleobiology Database: Panopea
Vadopalas B.; Pietsch T. W. & Friedman C. S. (2010). "The proper name for the geoduck: resurrection of Panopea generosa Gould, 1850, from the synonymy of Panopea abrupta (Conrad, 1849) (Bivalvia: Myoida: Hiatellidae)" (PDF). Malacologia. 52 (1): 169–173. doi:10.4002/040.052.0111. S2CID 84189390. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-09.
"Fossilworks: Panopea dockensis". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
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