Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Ordo: Littorinimorpha
Superfamilia: Littorinoidea
Familia: Littorinidae
Subfamiliae (3): Lacuninae - Laevilitorininae - Littorininae
Overview of genera (20)
Afrolittorina – Austrolittorina – Bembicium – Cenchritis – Cremnoconchus – Dissochilus – Echinolittorina – Lacuna – Laevilacunaria – Laevilitorina – Littoraria – Littorina – Mainwaringia – Melarhaphe – Nodilittorina – Peasiella – Pellilitorina – Risellopsis – Rufolacuna – Tectarius
Name
Littorinidae Children, 1834
Type Genus: Littorina Férussac, 1822
References
Children, J.H. 1834. Pp. 88-188, in: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, edition 28.
Bouchet, P. & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47(1-2): 1–397.
Martín-González, E., Vera-Peláez, J.L., Castillo Ruiz, C. & Lozano-Francisco, M.C. 2018. New fossil gastropod species (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the upper Miocene of the Canary Islands (Spain). Zootaxa 4422(2): 191–218. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.3 Paywall Reference page.
Links
Littorinidae in the World Register of Marine Species
The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide.[3]
Names
In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.
Taxonomy
These subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 – synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 – synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:[4]
Littorininae
Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 – synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;[5] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009[5]
Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
Littorina Férussac, 1822 – 18 species – type genus
Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885[6]
Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
Echinolittorina – 59 species worldwide
Austrolittorina – five species
Afrolittorina – four species
Nodilittorina s.s. – the monotypic subgenus[7]
Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.
Lacuninae
Bembicium Philippi, 1846
Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869[6][8] – freshwater snails living in waterfalls.[2]
Lacuna Turton, 1827 – synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902
Laevilitorininae
Laevilacunaria Powell, 1951
Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamily ?
Algamorda Dall, 1918
Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966
Synonyms
Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: synonym of Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 represented as Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885
Macquariella Finlay, 1926: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
References
Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149–166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
Tunnell, John W.; Andrews, Jean; Barrera, Noe C.; Moretzsohn, Fabio (15 July 2010). Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History. Texas A&M University Press. p. 398. ISBN 978-1-60344-141-4.
World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae
Reid, D. G. (2009). "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2184: 1–103. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1.
(file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA[permanent dead link]. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
S T Williams; D G Reid; D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 28 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472. Archived from the original on 5 October 2012.
Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.
"Littorinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Littorinidae.
David G. Reid; Suzanne T. Williams (2004). "The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.
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