Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Bivalvia
Subclassis: Heterodonta
Ordo: Veneroida
Superfamilia: Solenoidea
Familia: Pharidae
Genus: Ensis
Species: E. americanus – E. arcuatus – E. californicus – E. directus – E. ensis – E. leei – E. magnus – E. minor – E. myrae – E. siliqua
Ensis is a genus of medium-sized edible saltwater clams, littoral bivalve molluscs in the family Pharidae. Ensis, or razor clams, are known in much of Scotland as spoots, for the spouts of water they eject while burrowing into the sand, when visible at low tide.[2] This term may also colloquially include members of the genus Solen. Ensis magnus are known as bendies due to their slightly curved shell.
Description
The shells are long, narrow, and parallel-sided. This shape resembles a closed, old-fashioned straight razor (a cut-throat razor), or a closed jackknife (pocket knife) and sometimes these clams are known as razor shells or jackknives. The shells in these species are fragile and can easily be damaged when digging for these clams.
Ecology
Ensis species live in clean sand on exposed beaches. They are capable of digging very rapidly; see the description under the Atlantic jackknife clam. Some clammers catch jackknives by pouring salt on the characteristic keyhole-shaped breathing holes. The clam then tries to escape the salt by coming up out of its hole, and at this point it is possible to gently grab the shell and pull it out of the ground.
Species
Thirteen species are currently recognised:[1]
Ensis californicus (Dall, 1899)
Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843) – Atlantic jackknife clam
Ensis ensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ensis goreensis (Clessin, 1888)
Ensis macha (Molina, 1782)
Ensis magnus (Schumacher, 1817)
Ensis megistus (Pilsbry & McGinty, 1943)
Ensis minor (Chenu, 1843)
Ensis myrae (Berry, 1954)
Ensis nitidus (Clessin, 1888)
Ensis siliqua (Linnaeus, 1758) – pod razor
Ensis terranovensis (Vierna & Martínez-Lage, 2012)
Ensis tropicalis (Hertlein & Strong, 1955)
References
S. Gofas (2010). P. Bouchet, S. Gofas & G. Rosenberg (ed.). "Ensis Schumacher, 1817". World Marine Mollusca database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
Breen, Mike; Trevor Howe; Phil Copland (February 2011). "A REPORT ON ELECTRICAL FISHING FOR RAZOR CLAMS (ENSIS SP.) AND ITS LIKELY EFFECTS ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT" (PDF). Marine Scotland Science Report 03/11. Marine Scotland Science Marine Laboratory: 11. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
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