Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Superfamilia Incertae sedis: Cerithioidea
Familia: Cerithiidae
Subfamiliae (2): Bittiinae – Cerithiinae
Genera Incertae sedis (1 + 9†): Glyptozaria – †Bezanconia – †Cerithidella – †Jetwoodsia – †Megistocerithium – †Mesostomella – †Orthochetus – †Pseudoaluco – †Taxonia – †Zefallacia
Overview of familiae (27 + 11)
Alabina – Argyropeza – Bittiolum – Bittium – Cacozeliana – Cassiella – Cerithidium – Cerithioclava – Cerithium – Clavocerithium – Clypeomorus – Colina – Fastigiella – Glyptozaria – Gourmya – Ittibittium – Limatium – Liocerithium – Lirobittium – Neostylidium – Pictorium – Pseudovertagus – Rhinoclavis – Royella – Varicopeza – Zebittium – Bezanconia – †Cerithidella – †Jetwoodsia – †Megistocerithium – †Mesostomella – †Orthochetus – †Peraubium – †Pseudoaluco – †Ptychocerithium – †Semibittium – †Taxonia – †Zefallacia
Name
Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822: 491
References
Fleming, J. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or a general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. In two volumes. With engravings. Archibald Constable & Co. Edinburgh. 2: 1-618. BHL Reference page.
Strong, E.E. & Bouchet, P. 2018. A rare and unusual new bittiine genus with two new species from the South Pacific (Cerithiidae, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 758: 1–18. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.758.25100. Reference page.
Links
Cerithiidae in the World Register of Marine Species
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large family of medium-sized marine gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha.
Distribution
Ceriths are found worldwide on sandy bottoms, reef flats or coral reef rock covered with sand and algae in the sublittoral zone[littoral or neritic? clarification needed] of warm or temperate waters. Most are found in tropical areas. A few occur along the European coastline and about 30 species in two genera are found along the American coast. A few species occur in estuarine areas of mangrove forests close to the sea. Only a few species of the subfamily Bittiinae are found in deep water.
Diet
Ceriths are herbivores and detritivores that graze the sea bed.
Description
Their slender shell is elongated with a pointed spire. They vary in size from 3 mm (Bittium alternatum) to 150 mm (Cerithium nodulosum). The smallest shells are found in the subfamily Bittiinae.
The many whorls have radial sculpture with axial ridges and nodules. The aperture shows at its base a vague curve or a distinct siphonal canal. The aperture is closed off by a thin oval brown operculum that is corneous and paucispiral. The palatal wall of the aperture is somewhat enlarged and often shows a varix.
The taenioglossan radula has seven teeth in each row. The single rachidian tooth is flanked on each side by one rhomboidal lateral tooth and two long, hook-like marginal teeth.
Taxonomy
Subfamilies
The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):[3]
Alabininae Dall, 1927
Bittiinae Cossmann, 1906[4]
Cerithiinae Fleming, 1822 - synonyms: Rhinoclavinae Gründel, 1982; Colininae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1987
Bandel (2006)[5] used different classification: Bittiinae on its own family level named Diastomatidae (overview of WoRMS).
Some authors classify Argyropezinae Bandel, 2006 as a synonym of Bittiinae.[6]
Genera
The following genera are recognised in the family Cerithiidae:[7]
Alabina Dall, 1902 - type genus of the subfamily Alabininae, the type species of the genus Alabina is extinct[3]
Argyropeza Melvill & Standen, 1901
†Bezanconia P. Fischer, 1884
Bittiolum Cossmann, 1906
Bittium J. E. Gray, 1847 - type genus of the subfamily Bittiinae,[3]
†Bogatschevia A. A. Ali-Zade & Kabakova, 1969
Cacozeliana Strand, 1928
Cassiella Gofas, 1987
†Cerithidella Stache, 1889
Cerithidium Monterosato, 1884
Cerithioclava Olsson & Harbison, 1953
Cerithium Bruguière, 1789 - type genus of the subfamily Cerithiinae,[3]
†Chavanicerithium Ludbrook, 1957
Clavocerithium Cossmann, 1920
Clypeomorus Jousseaume, 1888
Colina H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
†Conocerithium Sacco, 1895
Dahlakia H. E. J. Biggs, 1971
Fastigiella Reeve, 1848
†Globulocerithium Pacaud, 2023
Glyptozaria Iredale, 1924
Gourmya P. Fischer, 1884
Ittibittium Houbrick, 1993
†Jetwoodsia Ludbrook, 1971
Limatium E. E. Strong & Bouchet, 2018
Liocerithium Tryon, 1887
Lirobittium Bartsch, 1911
†Manulona Ludbrook, 1941
†Megistocerithium Kase, 2015
†Mesostomella Stache, 1889
Neostylidium Doweld, 2013
†Occidentocerithium Nützel, Blodgett & Stanley, 2003
†Orthochetus Cossmann, 1889
†Peraubium Dominici & Kowalke, 2014
Pictorium E. E. Strong & Bouchet, 2013
†Pseudoaluco B. L. Clark, 1946
Pseudovertagus Vignal, 1904
†Ptychocerithium Sacco, 1895
Rhinoclavis Swainson, 1840
Royella Iredale, 1912
†Semibittium Cossmann, 1896
†Taxonia H. J. Finlay, 1926
†Texmelanatria K. van W. Palmer, 1942
Varicopeza Gründel, 1976
Zebittium H. J. Finlay, 1926
†Zefallacia H. J. Finlay, 1926
References
Fleming, John (1822). The philosophy of zoology 2: 491.
Strong E. E., Colgan D. J., Healy J. M., Lydeard C., Ponder W. F. & Glaubrecht M. (2011). "Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162(1): 43-89. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x.
Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
Cossmann (1906). Essais de paléoconchologie comparée 7: 64, 137.
Bandel K. (2006). "Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology - including the description of new taxa". Freiberger Forschungshefte C 511: 59-138. PDF[permanent dead link].
Gofas, S. (2011). Bittiinae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411649 on 2011-06-26
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cerithiidae J. Fleming, 1822". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
Houbrick R. S. (1978). The family Cerithiidae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1. The genera Rhinoclavis, Pseudovertagus and Clavocerithium. Monographs of Marine Mollusca 1: 1–130.
Houbrick R. S. (1992). Monograph of the genus Cerithium Bruguiere in the Indo-Pacific (Cerithiidae--Prosobranchia). 211 p., Smithsonian Institution Press (Washington, D.C.)], PDF.
Wood, Elvira. The Phylogeny of Certain Cerithidae, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume XXIV, New York, May 1910, pp. 1–92, Pl. I-IX.
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