Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Cottoidei
Infraordo: Zoarcales
Familia: Zoarcidae
Subfamilia: Lycodinae
Genera (40): Aiakas – Argentinolycus – Austrolycus – Bellingshausenia – Bentartia – Bothrocara – Bothrocarina – Crossostomus – Dadyanos – Derepodichthys – Dieidolycus – Eucryphycus – Exechodontes – Gosztonyia – Hadropogonichthys – Iluocoetes – Japonolycodes – Letholycus – Leucogrammolycus – Lycenchelys – Lycodapus – Lycodes – Lycodichthys – Lycodonus – Lycogrammoides – Lyconema – Maynea – Notolycodes – Oidiphorus – Ophthalmolycus – Pachycara – Patagolycus – Phucocoetes – Piedrabuenia – Plesienchelys – Pogonolycus – Pyrolycus – Santelmoa – Taranetzella – Thermarces
Name
Lycodinae Gill, 1861
References
Matallanas, J. 2010. Description of two new genera, Santelmoa and Bentartia and two new species of Zoarcidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) from the Southern Ocean. Polar Biology 33(5): 659–672. DOI: 10.1007/s00300-009-0742-y Reference page.
Links
Genera of Lycodinae (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Lycodinae species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Lycodinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts. These eelpouts are found are in all the world's oceans, with a number of species being found off southern South America.
Taxonomy
Lycodinae was first proposed as a taxonomic grouping in 1861 by the American zoologist Theodore Gill.[1] The subfamily is classified within the eelpout family, Zoarcidae part of the suborder Zoarcoidei within the order Scorpaeniformes.[3] The name of the subfamily derives from its type genus, Lycodes, which means "wolf-like" and refers to the then presumed close relationship of that taxon to the wolffish.[4]
Genera
Lycodinae contains the following genera:[5][6]
Aiakas Gosztonyi, 1977
Argentinolycus Matallanas & Corbella, 2012
Austrolycus Regan, 1913
Bellingshausenia Matallanas, 2009
Bentartia Matallanas, 2010
Bothrocara Bean, 1890
Bothrocarina Suvorov, 1935
Crossostomus Lahille, 1908
Dadyanos Whitley, 1951
Derepodichthys Gilbert, 1896
Dieidolycus Anderson, 1988
Eucryphycus Anderson, 1988
Exechodontes DeWitt, 1977
Gosztonyia Matallanas, 2009
Hadropogonichthys Fedorov, 1982
Iluocoetes Jenyns, 1842
Japonolycodes Shinohara, Sakurai & Machida, 2002
Letholycus Anderson, 1988
Leucogrammolycus Mincarone & Anderson, 2008
Lycenchelys Gill, 1884
Lycodapus Gilbert, 1890
Lycodes Reinhardt, 1831
Lycodichthys Pappenheim, 1911
Lycodonus Goode & Bean, 1883
Lycogrammoides Soldatov & Lindberg, 1928
Lyconema Gilbert, 1896
Maynea Cunningham, 1871
Notolycodes Gosztonyi, 1977
Oidiphorus McAllister & Rees, 1964
Ophthalmolycus Regan, 1913
Pachycara Zugmayer, 1911
Patagolycus Matallanas & Corbella, 2012
Phucocoetes Jenyns, 1842
Piedrabuenia Gosztonyi, 1977
Plesienchelys Anderson, 1988
Pogonolycus Norman, 1937
Pyrolycus Machida & Hashimoto, 2002
Santelmoa Matallanas, 2010
Taranetzella Andriashev, 1952
Thermarces Rosenblatt & Cohen, 1986
Characteristics
Lycodinae eelpouts have elongate heads and bodies, they have between 58 and 144 vertebrae. The branchiostegal membranes are typically attached to the isthmus, although not in Lycodapus. Most have a wide bill slit but in some species it is more restricted. They do not usually possess a pore between the eyes. There are between 4 and 9 suborbital bones, typically, from 6 to 8, and these create an L-shaped pattern around the eyes. There are between 6 and 12 fin rays in the caudal fin. They have no spines in their fins, although in a few species there are pelvic fin rays which are fused into a pelvic splint.[5] The largest species is Lycodes soldatovi which has a maximum published fork length of 91 cm (36 in).[7]
Distribution
Lycodinae eelpouts are found throughout the world with a notable radiation in the littoral to upper continental slope off southern South America.[5]
References
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
"Lycodinae". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 478–482. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (6 May 2022). "Order Perciformes Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Family: Zoarcidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
Anderson , M. E. and V. V . Fedorov (2004). "Family Zoarcidae Swainson 1839 — eelpouts" (PDF). California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes. 34.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Lycodinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Lycodes in FishBase. June 2022 version.
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