Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Cottoidei
Infraordo: Zoarcales
Familia: Zoarcidae
Subfamilia: Lycodinae
Genus: Lycenchelys
Species: L. alba – L. albeola – L. albomaculata – L. alta – L. antarctica – L. aratrirostris – L. argentina – L. aurantiaca – L. bachmanni – L. bellingshauseni – L. bullisi – L. callista – L. camchatica – L. chauliodus – L. cicatrifer – L. crotalinus – L. fedorovi – L. folletti – L. hadrogeneia – L. hippopotamus – L. hureaui – L. imamurai – L. incisa – L. jordani – L. kolthoffi – L. lonchoura – L. maculata – L. makushok – L. maoriensis – L. melanostomias – L. micropora – L. monstrosa – L. muraena – L. nanospinata – L. nigripalatum – L. novaezealandiae – L. parini – L. paxillus – L. pearcyi – L. pentactina – L. pequenoi – L. peruana – L. platyrhina – L. plicifera – L. polyodon – L. porifer – L. rassi – L. ratmanovi – L. remissaria – L. rosea – L. ryukyuensis – L. sarsii – L. scaurus – L. squamosa – L. tohokuensis – L. tristichodon – L. uschakovi – L. verrillii – L. vitiazi – L. volki – L. wilkesi – L. xanthoptera
Name
Lycenchelys Gill, 1884: 180
Type species: Lycodes muraena Collett, 1878, fixed by subsequent designation in Jordan, 1885: 124.
Lycenchelys verrillii
References
Primary references
Gill, T.N. 1884. On the Anacanthine Fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 36: 167–183. BHL Reference page. [original description: p. 180]
Additional references
Anderson, M.E. 2012: A new species of Pachycara Zugmayer (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) from off Monterey Bay, California, USA, with comments on two North Pacific Lycenchelys species. Zootaxa 3559: 39–43. Preview Reference page.
Kawarada, S., Imamura, H., Narimatsu, Y. & Shinohara, G. 2020. Taxonomic revision of the genus Lycenchelys (Osteichthyes: Zoarcidae) in Japanese waters. Zootaxa 4762(1): 1–66. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4762.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Struthers, C.D.; Møller, P.R. 2009: First records of the rare eelpout Lycenchelys xanthoptera Anderson, 1991 (Teleostei, Zoarcidae) in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Zootaxa 2196: 65–68. Abstract & excerpt PDF Reference page.
Thiel, R., Knebelsberger, T. & Eidus, I. 2018. Description and DNA barcoding of Lycenchelys lenzeni, a new species of eelpout (Perciformes: Zoarcidae) from the deep sea off the Kuril Archipelago. Zootaxa 4370(1): 45–56. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.1.3 Reference page.
Lycenchelys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.[2]
Taxonomy
Snakehead eelpout
Lycenelchys was first proposed as a genus in 1884 by the American ichthyologist Theodore Gill with Lycodes muraena being designated as the type species in 1920 by David Starr Jordan,[1][3] this species was originally described by the Norwegian zoologist Robert Collett in 1878 with its type locality given as 325 km (202 mi) west-southwest of Bodø in Norway, at a depth of 640 m (2,100 ft).[4] The genus is classified in the subfamily Lycodinae, one of four subfamilies in the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts.[5]
Species
Lycenchelys contains the following species:[6]
Lycenchelys alba (Vaillant, 1888)
Lycenchelys albeola Andriashev, 1958
Lycenchelys albomaculata Toyoshima, 1983
Lycenchelys alta Toyoshima, 1985
Lycenchelys antarctica Regan, 1913
Lycenchelys aratrirostris Andriashev & Permitin, 1968
Lycenchelys argentina Marschoff, Torno & Tomo, 1977
Lycenchelys aurantiaca Shinohara & Matsuura, 1998
Lycenchelys bachmanni Gosztonyi, 1977
Lycenchelys bellingshauseni Andriashev & Permitin, 1968
Lycenchelys bullisi Cohen, 1964
Lycenchelys callista M. E. Anderson, 1995
Lycenchelys camchatica (Gilbert & Burke, 1912)
Lycenchelys chauliodus M. E, Anderson, 1995
Lycenchelys cicatrifer (Garman, 1899)
Lycenchelys crotalinus (Gilbert, 1890)
Lycenchelys fedorovi M.., Anderson & Balanov, 2000
Lycenchelys folletti M. E. Andersonn, 1995
Lycenchelys hadrogeneia M. E. Anderson, 1995
Lycenchelys hippopotamus Schmidt, 1950
Lycenchelys hureaui (Andriashev, 1979)
Lycenchelys imamurai M.E. Anderson, 2006
Lycenchelys incisa (Garman, 1899)
Lycenchelys jordani (Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907)
Lycenchelys kolthoffi Jensen, 1904
Lycenchelys lonchoura M. E. Anderson, 1995
Lycenchelys maculata Toyoshima, 1985
Lycenchelys makushok Fedorov & Andriashev, 1993
Lycenchelys maoriensis Andriashev & Fedorov, 1986
Lycenchelys melanostomias Toyoshima, 1983
Lycenchelys micropora Andriashev, 1955
Lycenchelys monstrosa Anderson, 1982
Lycenchelys muraena (Collett, 1878)
Lycenchelys nanospinata M. E. Anderson, 1988
Lycenchelys nigripalatum DeWitt & Hureau, 1979
Lycenchelys novaezealandiae Anderson & Møller, 2007
Lycenchelys parini Fedorov, 1995
Lycenchelys paxillus (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1879)
Lycenchelys pearcyi M. E. Anderson, 1995
Lycenchelys pentactina M. E. Anderson, 1995
Lycenchelys pequenoi M. E. Anderson, 1995
Lycenchelys peruana M. E. Anderson, 1995
Lycenchelys platyrhina (Jensen, 1902)
Lycenchelys plicifera Andriashev, 1955
Lycenchelys polyodon M. E. Anderson & Møller, 2007
Lycenchelys porifer (Gilbert, 1890)
Lycenchelys rassi Andriashev, 1955
Lycenchelys ratmanovi Andriashev, 1955
Lycenchelys remissaria Fedorov, 1995
Lycenchelys rosea Toyoshima, 1985
Lycenchelys ryukyuensis Shinohara & M. E. Anderson, 2007
Lycenchelys sarsii (Collett, 1871)
Lycenchelys scaurus (Garman, 1899)
Lycenchelys squamosa Toyoshima, 1983
Lycenchelys tohokuensis Anderson & Imamura, 2002
Lycenchelys tristichodon DeWitt & Hureau, 1979
Lycenchelys uschakovi Andriashev, 1958
Lycenchelys verrillii (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1877)
Lycenchelys vitiazi Andriashev, 1955
Lycenchelys volki Andriashev, 1955
Lycenchelys wilkesi M. E. Anderson, 1988
Lycenchelys xanthoptera M. E. Anderson, 1991
Etymology
Lycenchelys is a combination of lyc, a reference to the genus Lycodes and enchelys, the Greek word for "eel". i.e. similar to Lycodes but with a more elongated eel-like shape.[7]
Characteristics
Lycenelchys are regarded as derived Lycodine eelpouts which are separated from other Lycodine genera by a number of oseological characters.[3] They can be diagnosed by having between 6 and 10 suborbital bones and a cephalic sensory canal with between 6 and 10 pores. The pterygiophore of the first dorsal fin ray is associated with the second to the 21st vertebrae and there can be up to 16 free pterygiophores, or there may be none. There is a weak series of palatopterygoids, a weak oral valve and pseudobranch. They may or may not have pelvic fins, vomerine teeth and palatine teeth. Scales, the pyloric caeca and lateral line or lines are all present.[8] The species with the greatest published length is Lycenchelys albomaculata, with a standard length of 43.8 cm (17.2 in), while the lowest published length is that of Lycenchelys peruana with a maximum total length of 10.5 cm (4.1 in).[6]
Distribution and habitat
Lycenchelys is a cosmopolitan genus with species in all oceans, they are found in continental slope and abyssal habitats. They are rare or absent from the far northern Arctic, the eastern Atlantic and the tropical Indian Oceans.[8]
References
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Lycodinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
"Lycenchelys Gill, 1884". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
M. Eric Anderson (1995). "The eelpout genera Lycenchelys Gill and Taranetzella Andriashev (Teleosti:Zoarcidae) of the Eastern Pacific with descriptions of nine new species". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 4. 49 (2): 55–113.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Lycenchelys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
Anderson , M. E. and V. V . Fedorov (2004). "Family Zoarcidae Swainson 1839 — eelpouts" (PDF). California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes. 34.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Lycenchelys in FishBase. June 2022 version.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (6 May 2022). "Order Perciformes Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Family: Zoarcidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
M. Eric Anderson (1994). "Systematics and Osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)". Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology. 60.
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