Superregnum: Eukaryota
Supergroup: Opisthokonta
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Osteichthyes
Classis: Actinopterygii
Subclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordo: Scombroidei
Familia: Gempylidae
Genera: †Chelifichthys - Diplospinus - Epinnula - Gempylus - Lepidocybium - Nealotus - Neoepinnula - Nesiarchus - Paradiplospinus - Promethichthys - Rexea - Rexichthys - Ruvettus - Thyrsites - Thyrsitoides - Thyrsitops - Tongaichthys
Vernacular names
Česky: Pamakrelovití
Gempylidae is a family of perciform fishes, commonly known as snake mackerels or escolars.
They are elongate fishes with a similar appearance to barracudas, having a long dorsal fin, usually with one or finlets trailing it. The largest species, including the snoek, Thyrsites atun, grow up to two metres long. Like the barracudas, they are predators, with fang-like teeth.[1]
They are deep-water benthopelagic fishes, and several species are important commercial and game fishes.
Species
There are 24 species in sixteen genera:
* Genus Diplospinus
o Striped escolar, Diplospinus multistriatus Maul, 1948.
* Genus Epinnula
o Domine, Epinnula magistralis Poey, 1854.
* Genus Gempylus
o Snake mackerel, Gempylus serpens Cuvier, 1829.
* Genus Lepidocybium
o Escolar, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843).
* Genus Nealotus
o Black snake mackerel, Nealotus tripes Johnson, 1865.
* Genus Neoepinnula
o American sackfish, Neoepinnula americana (Grey, 1953).
o Sackfish, Neoepinnula orientalis (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924).
* Genus Nesiarchus
o Black gemfish, Nesiarchus nasutus Johnson, 1862.
Black gemfish, Nesiarchus nasutus
* Genus Paradiplospinus
o Antarctic escolar, Paradiplospinus antarcticus Andriashev, 1960.
o Slender escolar, Paradiplospinus gracilis (Brauer, 1906).
* Genus Promethichthys
o Roudi escolar, Promethichthys prometheus (Cuvier, 1832).
Roudi escolar, Promethichthys prometheus
* Genus Rexea
o Rexea alisae Roberts & Stewart, 1997.
o Long-finned escolar, Rexea antefurcata Parin, 1989.
o Bengal escolar, Rexea bengalensis (Alcock, 1894).
o Short-lined escolar, Rexea brevilineata Parin, 1989.
o Nakamura's escolar, Rexea nakamurai Parin, 1989.
o Royal escolar, Rexea prometheoides (Bleeker, 1856).
o Silver gemfish or Gemfish, Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1832).
* Genus Rexichthys
o Paxton's escolar, Rexichthys johnpaxtoni Parin & Astakhov, 1987.
* Genus Ruvettus
o Oilfish, Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1833.
* Genus Thyrsites
o Snoek, Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791).
* Genus Thyrsitoides
o Black snoek, Thyrsitoides marleyi Fowler, 1929.
* Genus Thyrsitops
o White snake mackerel, Thyrsitops lepidopoides (Cuvier, 1832).
* Genus Tongaichthys
o Tonga escolar, Tongaichthys robustus Nakamura & Fujii, 1983.
The longfin escolar, Scombrolabrax heterolepis, was formerly classified in this family, but it is now placed in its own family Scombrolabracidae.
References
1. ^ Johnson, G.D. & Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N.. ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 190. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
* Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Gempylidae" in FishBase. February 2006 version.
