Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Perciformes
Subordines (9): Bembropoidei – Cottoidei – Normanichthyoidei – Percoidei – Platycephaloidei – Scorpaenoidei – Serranoidei – Notothenioidei – Triglioidei
Subordines (sensu lato, paraphyla, 15): Acanthuroidei - Anabantoidei - Callionymoidei - Channoidei - Elassomatoidei - Gobioidei - Icosteoidei - Kurtoidei - Labroidei - Scombroidei - Scombrolabracoidei - Stromateoidei - Trachinoidei - Xiphioidei - Zoarcoidei (For other subordines traditionally contained here, see Talk:Perciformes)
Genera incertae sedis: †Quasicichla – †Sargus
References
Galván-Villa, C., Ríos-Jara, E., Bastida-Izaguirre, D., Hastings, P.A. & Balart, E.F. 2016. Annotated checklist of marine fishes from the Sanctuary of Bahía Chamela, Mexico with occurrence and biogeographic data. ZooKeys 554: 139–157. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.554.6106. Reference page.
Wainwright, P.C., Smith, W.L., Price, S.A., Tang, K.L., Ferry, L.A., Sparks, J.S. & Near, T.J. 2012. The evolution of pharyngognathy: a phylogenetic and functional appraisal of the pharyngeal jaw key innovation in labroid fishes and beyond. Systematic biology 61(6): 1001–1027. (PDF) DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys060 Reference page.
Links
Perciformes in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Vernacular names
Boarisch: Barschoartige, Barschfisch
беларуская: Акунепадобныя
čeština: Ostnoploutví
dansk: Pigfinnefisk
Deutsch: Barschartige
Ελληνικά: Περκόμορφα
English: Perciformes
Esperanto: Perkoformaj
español: Perciformes
eesti: Ahvenalised
فارسی: سوفماهیشكلان
français: Perciformes
hrvatski: Grgečke
magyar: Sügéralakúak
日本語: スズキ目
한국어: 농어목
македонски: Кострежовидни
Nederlands: Baarsachtigen
norsk nynorsk: Piggfinnefiskar
norsk: Piggfinnefisker
русский: Окунеобразные
svenska: Abborrartade fiskar
Türkçe: Levreksiler
українська: Окунеподібні
Tiếng Việt: Bộ Cá vược
中文: 鲈形目
Perciformes (/ˈpɜːrsɪˌfɔːrmiːz/), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. Perciformes means "perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perch and darters (Percidae), sea bass and groupers (Serranidae).[1]
Taxonomy
Formerly, this group was thought to be even more diverse than it is thought to be now, containing about 41% of all bony fish (about 10,000 species) and about 160 families, which is the most of any order within the vertebrates.[2] However, many of these other families have since been reclassified within their own orders within the clade Percomorpha, significantly reducing the size of the group. In contrast to this splitting, other groups formerly considered distinct, such as the Scorpaeniformes, are now classified in the Perciformes.[3]
Evolution
The earliest fossil perciform is the extinct serranid Paleoserranus from the Early Paleocene of Mexico, but potential records of "percoids" are known from the Maastrichtian, including Eoserranus, Indiaichthys, and Prolates, although their exact taxonomic identity remains uncertain.[4][5]
Characteristics
The dorsal and anal fins are divided into anterior spiny and posterior soft-rayed portions, which may be partially or completely separated. The pelvic fins usually have one spine and up to five soft rays, positioned unusually far forward under the chin or under the belly. Scales are usually ctenoid (rough to the touch), although sometimes they are cycloid (smooth to the touch) or otherwise modified.
Taxonomy
Classification of this group is controversial. As traditionally defined before the introduction of cladistics, the Perciformes are almost certainly paraphyletic. Other orders that should possibly be included as suborders are the Scorpaeniformes, Tetraodontiformes, and Pleuronectiformes. Of the presently recognized suborders, several may be paraphyletic, as well. These are grouped by suborder/superfamily, generally following the text Fishes of the World.[2][6][7][8]
Perciformes display at the National Museum of Natural History.
Pomacanthus semicirculatus
Nelson 2016[8] Betancur-Rodriguez et al. 2017[9]
Suborder Percoidei
Superfamily Percoidea
Centropomidae (Snooks)
Latidae (Lates)
Gerreidae (Mojarras)
Centrogenyidae (False scorpionfishes)
Perciliidae (Southern basses)
Howellidae (Oceanic basslets)
Acropomatidae (Lanternbellies)
Epigonidae (Deepwater cardinalfishes)
Polyprionidae (Wreckfishes)
Lateolabracidae (Asian sea-basses)
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Glaucosomatidae (Pearl perches)
Pempheridae (Sweepers)
Oplegnathidae (Knifejaws)
Kuhliidae (Flagtails)
Bathyclupeidae (Bathyclupeids)
Toxotidae (Archerfishes)
Arripidae (Australasian salmon (kahawai))
Dichistiidae (Galjoen fishes)
Kyphosidae (Sea chubs)
Terapontidae (grunters or tigerperches)
Percichthyidae (temperate perches)
Sinipercidae (Chinese perches)
Enoplosidae (Oldwives)
Pentacerotidae (Armourheads)
Dinopercidae (Cavebasses)
Banjosiidae (Banjofishes)
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
Serranidae (Sea basses and Groupers)
Percidae (Perches)
Lactariidae (False trevallies)
Dinolestidae (Long-finned pikes)
Scombropidae (Gnomefishes)
Pomatomidae (Bluefishes)
Bramidae (Pomfrets)
Caristiidae (Manefishes)
Possibly related to Acanthuriformes
Monodactylidae (Moonfishes)
Priacanthidae (Bigeyes (catalufas))
Families which may have a relationship to Acanthuroidei, Monodactylidae, and Priacanthidae
Leiognathidae (Ponyfishes, slimys, or slipmouths)
Chaetodontidae (Butterflyfishes)
Pomacanthidae (Angelfishes)
Malacanthidae (Tilefishes)
Haemulidae (Grunts)
Hapalogenyidae (Barbeled grunters)
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
Caesionidae (Fusiliers)
Superfamily Cirrhitoidea
Cirrhitidae (Hawkfishes)
Chironemidae (Kelpfishes)
Aplodactylidae (Marblefishes)
Cheilodactylidae (Morwongs)
Latridae (Trumpeters)
Superfamily Cepoloidea
Cepolidae (Bandfishes)
Superfamily Siganoidea
Scatophagidae (Scats)
Siganidae (Rabbitfishes)
Suborder Notothenioidei
Bovichtidae (Temperate icefishes)
Pseudaphritidae (Catadromous icefishes)
Eleginopsidae (Patagonian blennies)
Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes)
Harpagiferidae (Spiny plunderfishes)
Artedidraconidae (Barbeled plunderfishes)
Bathydraconidae (Antarctic dragonfishes)
Channichthyidae (Crocodile icefishes)
Order Perciformes (incl. Gasterosteiformes; Scorpaeniformes)
Suborder Serranoidei
Serranidae
Suborder Percoidei
Trachinidae
Niphonidae
Percidae
Suborder Normanichthyoidei
Normanichthyidae
Suborder Notothenioidei
Artedidraconidae
Bathydraconidae
Bovichtidae
Channichthyidae
Eleginopsidae
Harpagiferidae
Nototheniidae
Percophidae
Pseudaphritidae
Suborder Platycephaloidei
Hoplichthyidae
Bembridae
Parabembridae
Platycephalidae
Plectrogeniidae
Suborder Bembropoidei
Bembropidae
Suborder Triglioidei
Peristediidae
Triglidae
Suborder Scorpaenoidei
Apistidae
Aploactinidae
Congiopodidae
Eschmeyeridae
Gnathanacanthidae
Neosebastidae
Pataecidae
Perryenidae
Synanceiidae
Tetrarogidae
Scorpaenidae (incl. Caracanthidae)
Sebastidae
Setarchidae
Zanclorhynchidae
Suborder Cottoidei
Infraorder Anoplopomatales
Anoplopomatidae
Infraorder Zoarcales
Anarhichadidae
Bathymasteridae
Cryptacanthodidae
Eulophiidae
Zoarcidae
Pholidae
Ptilichthyidae
Zaproridae
Stichaeidae
Scytalinidae
Infraorder Gasterosteales
Hypoptychidae
Aulorhynchidae
Gasterosteidae
Infraorder Zaniolepidales
Zaniolepididae
Infraorder Hexagrammales
Hexagrammidae
Infraorder Cottales
Normanichthyidae
Trichodontidae
Cyclopteridae
Liparidae
Jordaniidae
Rhamphocottidae (Ereuniidae)
Scorpaenichthyidae
Agonidae (incl. Hemitripteridae)
Cottidae (incl. Abyssocottidae, Comephoridae; Cottocomephoridae)
Psychrolutidae (incl. Bathylutichthyidae)
References
"Perciform - Form and function". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
Nelson, J. S. (2006). Fishes of the World (4 ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
Cantalice, Kleyton M.; Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús; Alaniz-Galvan, Abril (1 April 2018). "Paleoserranus lakamhae gen. et sp. nov., a Paleocene seabass (Perciformes: Serranidae) from Palenque, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 83: 137–146. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.01.010. ISSN 0895-9811.
Kriwet, Jürgen; Arratia, Gloria; López-Arbarello, Adriana; Parmar, Varun; Prasad, Guntupalli (1 January 2004). "Late Cretaceous-Paleocene percomorphs (Teleostei) from India - early radiation of perciformes". Recent advances in ….
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Order Perciformes". FishBase. August 2015 version.
"ADW: Perciformes". animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu. Animal Diversity Web.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 430–467. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
Betancur-R, Ricardo; Wiley, Edward O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, Arturo; Bailly, Nicolas; Miya, Masaki; Lecointre, Guillaume; Ortí, Guillermo (6 July 2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
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