Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Pempheriformes
Familia: Epigonidae
Genus: Epigonus
Species (35): E. affinis – E. angustifrons – E. atherinoides – E. bispinosus – E. cavaticus – E. chilensis – E. constanciae – E. crassicaudus – E. ctenolepis – E. denticulatus – E. devaneyi – E. draco – E. elegans – E. elongatus – E. exodon – E. fragilis – E. glossodontus – E. heracleus – E. idai – E. indicus – E. lenimen – E. lifouensis – E. machaera – E. macrops – E. marimonticolus – E. mayeri – E. merleni – E. notacanthus – E. occidentalis – E. oligolepis – E. pandionis – E. parini – E. pectinifer – E. robustus – E. telescopus – E. thai – E. trunovi – E. tuberculatus – E. waltersensis
Name
Epigonus Rafinesque, 1810
Type species: Epigonus macrophthalmus Rafinesque, 1810
Synonyms
Hynnodus Gilbert, 1905
Oxyodon Brauer, 1906
Parahynnodus Barnard, 1927
Pomatomichthys Giglioli, 1880
Pomatomus Risso, 1810
Scepterias Jordan & Jordan, 1922
Telescops Bleeker, 1876
Xystramia Jordan, 1917
References
Okamoto, M. 2011: A new species of deepwater cardinalfish, Epigonus mayeri, from the eastern Central Atlantic, and redescription of Epigonus heracleus Parin and Abramov 1986 (Perciformes: Epigonidae). Ichthyological research, 58 (2): 101–108. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-010-0195-x
Okamoto, M. & Gon, O. 2018. A review of the deepwater cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) of the Western Indian Ocean, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4382(2): 261–291. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.3 Reference page.
Rafinesque, C. S., 1810: Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci sicilian. Messina. 1-70, Pls. 1-2.
Links
Epigonus – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Epigonus species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Epigonus and its species (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Vernacular names
English: Deepwater Cardinalfishes
Epigonus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Epigonidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. The genus was erected by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1810.[1]
Species
There are currently 37 recognized species in this genus:
Epigonus affinis Parin & Abramov, 1986 (smooth-nose deep-water cardinalfish) [2]
Epigonus angustifrons Abramov & Manilo, 1987
Epigonus atherinoides (C. H. Gilbert, 1905) [3]
Epigonus carbonarius Okamoto & Motomura, 2011 (charcoal deep-water cardinalfish) [4]
Epigonus cavaticus H. Ida, Okamoto & Sakaue, 2007 (Palauan deep-water cardinalfish)
Epigonus chilensis Okamoto, 2012 [5]
Epigonus constanciae (Giglioli, 1880)
Epigonus crassicaudus F. de Buen, 1959
Epigonus ctenolepis Mochizuki & Shirakihara, 1983 [6]
Epigonus denticulatus Dieuzeide, 1950 (pencil deep-water cardinalfish)
Epigonus devaneyi Gon, 1985
Epigonus draco Okamoto, 2015 (dragon deep-water cardinalfish) [7]
Epigonus elegans Parin & Abramov, 1986
Epigonus elongatus Parin & Abramov, 1986
Epigonus exodon Okamoto & Motomura, 2012 [8]
Epigonus fragilis (D. S. Jordan & E. K. Jordan, 1922)
Epigonus glossodontus Gon, 1985
Epigonus heracleus Parin & Abramov, 1986 (Hercules deep-water cardinalfish) [9]
Epigonus indicus IDREES BABU & AKHILESH 2020[10]
Epigonus lenimen (Whitley, 1935) (big-eyed deep-water cardinalfish)
Epigonus lifouensis Okamoto & Motomura, 2013 (Loyalty deep-water cardinalfish) [11]
Epigonus machaera Okamoto, 2012 [5]
Epigonus macrops (A. B. Brauer, 1906) (luminous deep-water cardinalfish)
Epigonus marimonticolus Parin & Abramov, 1986
Epigonus marisrubri Krupp, Zajonz & Khalaf, 2009 (Red Sea deep-water cardinalfish)
Epigonus mayeri Okamoto, 2011 (Angolan deep-water cardinalfish) [9]
Epigonus megalops (H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) [3]
Epigonus notacanthus Parin & Abramov, 1986
Epigonus occidentalis Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896 (western deep-water cardinalfish)
Epigonus oligolepis G. F. Mayer, 1974
Epigonus pandionis (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1881)
Epigonus parini Abramov, 1987
Epigonus pectinifer G. F. Mayer, 1974
Epigonus robustus (Barnard, 1927) (robust deep-water cardinalfish)
Epigonus telescopus (A. Risso, 1810) (black deep-water cardinalfish)
Epigonus thai Prokofiev & Bussarawit, 2012 [12]
Epigonus tuberculatus Okamoto & Motomura, 2013 (Keeling deep-water cardinalfish) [11]
Epigonus waltersensis Parin & Abramov, 1986
References
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Epigonus". FishBase. October 2016 version.
Okamoto, M., Motomura, H. & Asahida, T. (2011): Redescription of a Poorly Known Deepwater Cardinalfish, Epigonus affinis (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Epigonidae), and Comparison with Related Species. Species Diversity, 16 (3-4): 85-92.
Okamoto, M. (2016): Validity of Epigonus megalops (Perciformes: Epigonidae), Redescription of E. atherinoides, and First Record of E. draco from the Central South Pacific. Species Diversity, 21 (2): 177-186.
Okamoto, M. & Motomura, H. (2011): Epigonus carbonarius, a new species of deepwater cardinalfish (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Marquesas Islands, with a redefinition of the Epigonus oligolepis group. Ichthyological Research, 58 (2): 155–160.
Okamoto, M. (2012): Two new species of the genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the South Pacific, with a definition of the Epigonus constanciae group. Ichthyological Research, 59 (3): 242–254.
Okamoto, M. & Fukui, A. (2011): Redescription of a rare deepwater cardinalfish, Epigonus ctenolepis Mochizuki and Shirakihara 1983, and comparison with related species (Perciformes: Epigonidae). Ichthyological Research, 58 (4): 388–392.
Okamoto, M. (2015): Epigonus draco, a New Species of Deepwater Cardinalfish (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Western Pacific. Species Diversity, 20 (2): 121–127.
Okamoto, M. & Motomura, H. (2012): Epigonus exodon, a new species of deepwater cardinalfish (Teleostei: Perciformes: Epigonidae) from Réunion, western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 3453: 84–88.
Okamoto, M. (2011): A new species of deepwater cardinalfish, Epigonus mayeri, from the eastern Central Atlantic, and redescription of Epigonus heracleus Parin and Abramov 1986 (Perciformes: Epigonidae). Ichthyological Research, 58 (2): 101–108.
IDREES BABU, K.K., & AKHILESH, K.V. (2020). Epigonus indicus, a new species of deepwater cardinalfish (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 36, 20–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4243312
Okamoto, M. & Motomura, H. (2013): Two new species of deepwater cardinalfish from the Indo-Pacific, with a definition of the Epigonus pandionis group (Perciformes: Epigonidae). Ichthyological Research, 60 (4): 301–311.
Parin, N.V., Prokofiev, A.M. & Bussarawit, S. (2012): Two new species of the genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Journal of Ichthyology, 52 (3): 239–243.
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