Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Gobiaria
Ordo: Kurtiformes
Subordo: Apogonoidei
Familia: Apogonidae
Subfamiliae: Amioidinae – Apogoninae – Paxtoninae – Pseudamiinae – Sphaeramiini
Genera: Amioides – Apogon – Apogonichthyoides – Apogonichthys – Archamia – Astrapogon – Cercamia – Cheilodipterus – Coranthus – Fibramia – Foa – Fowleria – Glossamia – Gymnapogon – Holapogon – Jaydia – Kurtus – Lachneratus – Lepidamia – Mionorus – Neamia – Nectamia – Ostorhinchus – Ozichthys – Paroncheilus – Paxton – Phaeoptyx – Pristiapogon – Pristicon – Pseudamia – Pseudamiops – Pterapogon – Rhabdamia – Siphamia – Sphaeramia – Taeniamia – Verulux – Vincentia – Yarica – Zapogon – Zoramia
Name
Apogonidae Günther, 1859: 222
Type genus: Apogon Lacepède, 1801
References
Fraser, T.H. 2013. A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha). Zootaxa 3714(1): 1–63. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3714.1.1 Reference page.
Fraser, T.H. 2014. A new genus of cardinalfish from tropical Australia and southern New Guinea (Percomorpha: Apogonidae). Zootaxa 3852(2): 283–293. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.2.7 Reference page.
Fraser, T.H. & Prokofiev, A.M. 2016. A new genus and species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha, Apogonidae, Sphaeramiini) from the coastal waters of Vietnam: luminescent or not? Zootaxa 4144(2): 227–242. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.5. Reference page.
Gon, O. 2016. Scale ontogeny in the cardinalfish family Apogonidae. Zootaxa 4196(1): 107–119. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.1.6. Full article (PDF) Reference page.
Günther, A. 1859 Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. 1: i–xxxi + 1–524. BHL Reference page.
Mabuchi, K. et al. 2014: Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa 3846(2): 151–203. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.1 Reference page.
Randall, J.E., 1998: Review of the Cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) of the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of two new species. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 3(1): 25–38.
Links
Apogonidae and its species in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2022. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 08/2021.
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Kardinaalvisse
čeština: Parmovcovití
Deutsch: Kardinalbarsche
English: Cardinal fishes
suomi: Kardinaaliahvenet
magyar: Kardinálishal-félék
日本語: テンジクダイ科
lietuvių: Kardinolinės
Nederlands: Kardinaalbaarzen
norsk: Kardinalfisker
svenska: Kardinalabborrfiskar
ไทย: ปลาอมไข่
Cardinalfishes are a family, Apogonidae, of ray-finned fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some species are found in brackish water and a few (notably Glossamia) are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in the aquarium and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.
They are generally small fish, with most species being less than 10 cm (4 in), and are often brightly coloured. They are distinguished by their large mouths, and the division of the dorsal fin into two separate fins. Most species live in tropical or subtropical waters, where they inhabit coral reefs and lagoons.[1]
They are nocturnal, spending the day in dark crevices within the reef. At least some species brood their eggs inside the mouths of the males.[1] Males do not feed during this incubation period. Males incubate the eggs in their mouth due to having longer heads and a larger jaw, which females do not acquire.[2]
Classification
The fifth edition of Fishes of the World recognises only two subfamilies of the Apogonidae:[3]
Apogoninae
Amioides H.M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
Apogon Lacépède, 1801
Apogonichthyoides J.L.B. Smith, 1949
Apogonichthys Bleeker, 1854
Archamia T.N. Gill, 1863
Astrapogon Fowler, 1907
Cercamia J. E. Randall & C. L. Smith, 1988
Cheilodipterus Lacépède, 1801
Fibramia T. H. Fraser & Mabuchi, 2014 [4]
Foa D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1905
Fowleria D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1905
Glossamia T.N. Gill, 1863
Holapogon T. H. Fraser, 1973
Jaydia J. L. B. Smith, 1961
Lachneratus T. H. Fraser & Struhsaker, 1991
Lepidamia T. N. Gill, 1863
Neamia H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912
Nectamia D. S. Jordan, 1917
Ostorhinchus Lacépède, 1802
Paroncheilus J. L. B. Smith, 1964
Phaeoptyx T. H. Fraser & C. R. Robins, 1970
Pristiapogon Klunzinger, 1870
Pristicon T. H. Fraser, 1972
Pterapogon Koumans, 1933
Rhabdamia M. C. W. Weber, 1909
Siphamia M. C. W. Weber, 1909
Sphaeramia Fowler & B. A. Bean, 1930
Taeniamia T. H. Fraser, 2013
Verulux T. H. Fraser, 1972
Vincentia Castelnau, 1872
Yarica Whitley 1930
Zapogon T. H. Fraser, 1972
Zoramia D. S. Jordan, 1917
Pseudaminae
Gymnapogon Regan, 1905
Paxton C. C. Baldwin & G. D. Johnson, 1999
Pseudamia Bleeker, 1865
Pseudamiops J. L. B. Smith, 1954
Timeline
References
Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 183. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
Hoey, A., Bellwood, D., & Barnett, A. (2012). To feed or to breed: Morphological constraints of mouthbrooding in coral reef cardinalfishes. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 279(1737), 2426-2432.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 752. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
Mabuchi, K., Fraser, T.H., Song, H., Azuma, Y. & Nishida, M. (2014): Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 3846 (2): 151–203.
External links
Smith, J.L.B. (1961): "Fishes of the family Apogonidae of the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea". Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 22. Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
Hoey, A., Bellwood, D., & Barnett, A. (2012). To feed or to breed: Morphological constraints of mouthbrooding in coral reef cardinalfishes. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 279(1737), 2426-2432.
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